Water Insecurity Flashcards
Climate variability- where has this occured?
The Sahel, drought since the 1980s, before then there was plentiful rainfall.
Saltwater encroachment at the coast- How much of Samoas water comes from groundwater aquifers?
35%
Saltwater encroachment at the coast- How much of water at the Gaza strip comes from the coastal aquifer?
90-95%
Saltwater encroachment at the coast- How many people rely on groundwater for basic needs?
2.5 billion
Over-abstraction- from 1950 to 1988 from how much to how much has the population increased?
13 million to 33 million
Over-abstraction- By how many meters has the water level dropped by in the Aral Sea?
23 meters
Water contamination from agriculture- Which river is partcilarly polluted because of this?
Ganges river in India
Industrial pollution- Where has a coca-cola plant closed after doing this?
Rajasthan, India
Aral sea- How is the water abstracted?
Groundwater pumping
Aral sea- From which rivers does the water come to the Aral Sea?
Syr and Amir
Aral sea- How is the water used?
Water is mainly used for agricultural purposes.
Aral sea- How has the water quantity change over time?
54,000 square kilometers of seabed dried up.
By late 1980’s the sea level has dropped so much that is split into two.
10% of its original size.
Aral sea- How has water quality changed overtime?
Rising water salinity
Agricultural pollution from pesticides and other chemical industries.
Aral sea- What are the socio-economic impacts of the Aral Sea?
60,000 jobs related to fisheries were lost.
Shipping on the Aral Sea ceased as water retreated from ports.
Rising illness
Life span falling from 65 years to 61 years.
Respiratory illness.
Aral sea- what are the environmental impacts?
Greatly reduced river flows ended the spring floods that sustained wetlands with water.
Fish species in the lake dropped from 32 to 6.
Biological testing by the USSR affected horses, monkeys, sheep, donkeys and laboratory animals.
