Water & electrolytes Flashcards
The (a) represents 1/3 of the body fluids, whereas the (b) represents the 2/3 of the body fluid.
a. ECF
b. ICF (intracell)
ECF consist of
plasma (20%) & interstitial fluid (80%)
The (a) don’t mix, whereas the (b) exchange constituents
a. ICF (intracell)
b. ECF (exchange bw plasma & interstitial)
The osmotic concentration of ICF and ECF is (a) even though the composition of the ICF and ECF are (b)
a. Identical
b. different
exchange b/w the ECF & ICF is regulated by _ & _ pressures
- hydrostatic
- osmotic/oncotic
Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation (4-5*)
- homeostatic mechanisms respond to changes in ECF
- detected by changes in fluid volume & osmolarity (not receptors)
- water moves passively
- water freely circulates ECF compartment
- *The body’s water or electrolyte content will rise if dietary gains exceed environmental losses, and will fall if losses exceed gains
Normally urine osmolarity > or < or = plasma osmolarity
> (greater)
Causes of over hydration
- Drink Hi vol. of water
- injecting hypotonic solution in blood stream
- Endocrine disorders: excess ADH produced
- unable to eliminate excess water in urine
3 hormones that balance fluid and electrolytes in body. & functions
- ADH: directly retains water
- Aldosterone: reabsorb Na = indirectly retains water
- natriuretic peptide: eliminate water
Low blood pressure stimulates (a) secretion (in kidney) followed by production of (b) which is converted to (c) which stimulates (d) secretion.
a. Renin
b. Angiotensin I
c. Angiotensin II
d. Aldosterone
The reference range for aldosterone/renin is [> or < or =] in the erect position compared to the supine position
erect > supine
T/F: hypokalaemic states amplifies the effect of angiotensin II to stimulate aldosterone
T
what are the 2 types of natriuretic peptides & location they are released from?
ANP (atrial) & BNP (brain)
released by cardiac muscle
