Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical biochem. > pH > Flashcards

pH Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pH range (considered normal) is

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Death occurs if blood pH is

A

<6.8 OR >8.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood pCO2 range is _ mmHg

A

35 - 45 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood pO2 range is _ mmHg

A

80 - 100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood HCO3- range is _ mEql

A

22 - 26 mEql

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood ratio maintains a : ratio of :

A

20:1

HCO3- : H2CO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Order of buffers that have the quickest correction rate (3)

A
  1. Chemical buffers: instantaneously
  2. Respiratory (physiological) buffers: minutes
  3. Renal (physiological) buffers: hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characteristics of respiratory alkalosis & compensation

A
  • Hyperventilation (dec. CO2 = dec. H2CO3 = low [H+])
  • hypocapnia: [CO2] <35 mmHg
  • Compensated by dec. [HCO3-]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of respiratory acidosis & compensation

A
  • Hypoventilation (inc. CO2 = inc. H2CO3 = Hi [H+])
  • hypercapnia (Hi [CO2])
  • Compensated by inc. [HCO3-]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of metabolic alkalosis & compensation

A
  • inc. [HCO3-] & dec [H+]

- compensated by inc. pCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of metabolic acidosis & compensation

A
  • dec. [HCO3-] & inc. [H+]

- compensated by dec. pCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In case of acidosis, there is __ of the central nervous system. Acidosis is followed by _

A

a) Relaxation

b) hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory acidosis can be compensated by the _ (called _ compensation). By 2 ways

A

a) kidneys
b) metabolic compensation
c) eliminate H+ & retain HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory acidosis can be treated by 2 ways

A
  • IV lactate solution: lactate converted as HCO3- in the liver
  • restore ventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A
  • Headache, leathargy
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • Diarrhoea => lose HCO3- = acidosis
  • Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In case of alkalosis, there is __ of the central nervous system. Alkalosis is followed by _

A

a) stimulation

b) hypokalemia

17
Q

Respiratory alkalosis can be treated by 2 ways

A
  • IV chloride-containing solution: Cl- replace excess HCO3- in the liver
  • breathing into a bag
18
Q

Respiratory alkalosis can be compensated by the _ (called _ compensation). By 2 ways

A

a) kidneys
b) metabolic compensation
c) excrete HCO3- & retain H+

19
Q

symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A
  • slow respiration bc try to retain CO2 (=H2CO3 = H+)
  • Hyperactive reflexes: tetany
  • Atrial tachycardia
  • Dysrhythmias
20
Q

why is respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis difficult?

A

bc hypoventillation (to retain CO2) is limited by hypoxia

21
Q

Describe complete, partial compensation & uncompensation

A
  • Complete: pH normal range; pCO2 or HCO3- out of range
  • Partial: pH out of range; pCO2 or HCO3- out of range
  • Un-: pH out of range; pCO2 or HCO3- w/in normal range
22
Q

In acid-base imbalance the blood samples are collected from:

A

arteries

23
Q

what’s the treatment to respiratory acidosis due to COAD (chronic obstructive airways disease) & what it does

A

thaizide diuretics => inc. water excretion of H+

24
Q

Cause that leads to (mixed acid-base imbalance) like metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

A

Salicylate overdose

25
Q

ingestion of excessive antacids can cause

A

metabolic alkalosis

26
Q

_ is more soluble than _ w/ a ratio of :

A

CO2 > O2

20:1

27
Q

state 5-6 causes for low pO2.

A
  • obesity
  • chronic bronchitis
  • severe asthma
  • CNS disturbances
  • Pneumonia
  • pulmonary oedema
28
Q

T/F: poor oxygenation of blood is always due to poor ventilation, or lack of oxygen.

A

F bc can be anaemic = lo O2

29
Q

What is a good marker for poor tissue oxygenation or hypoxia? why?

A

Lactate bc low O2 = body use anaerobic glycolysis = lactic acidosis

30
Q

What is a Pulse Oximeter used to measure?

A

lvl of haemoglobin oxygenation

31
Q

most abundant buffer system for acid-base homeostasis is_ / _ / _

A
  • bicarbonate
  • phosphate
  • haemoglobin
32
Q

In acid-base imbalance: excessive pyloric stenosis and vomiting can cause:

A

metabolic alkalosis

Clinical biochem. (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions