pH Flashcards
Blood pH range (considered normal) is
7.35 - 7.45
Death occurs if blood pH is
<6.8 OR >8.0
Blood pCO2 range is _ mmHg
35 - 45 mmHg
Blood pO2 range is _ mmHg
80 - 100 mmHg
Blood HCO3- range is _ mEql
22 - 26 mEql
Blood ratio maintains a : ratio of :
20:1
HCO3- : H2CO3
Order of buffers that have the quickest correction rate (3)
- Chemical buffers: instantaneously
- Respiratory (physiological) buffers: minutes
- Renal (physiological) buffers: hours
Characteristics of respiratory alkalosis & compensation
- Hyperventilation (dec. CO2 = dec. H2CO3 = low [H+])
- hypocapnia: [CO2] <35 mmHg
- Compensated by dec. [HCO3-]
Characteristics of respiratory acidosis & compensation
- Hypoventilation (inc. CO2 = inc. H2CO3 = Hi [H+])
- hypercapnia (Hi [CO2])
- Compensated by inc. [HCO3-]
Characteristics of metabolic alkalosis & compensation
- inc. [HCO3-] & dec [H+]
- compensated by inc. pCO2
Characteristics of metabolic acidosis & compensation
- dec. [HCO3-] & inc. [H+]
- compensated by dec. pCO2
In case of acidosis, there is __ of the central nervous system. Acidosis is followed by _
a) Relaxation
b) hyperkalemia
Respiratory acidosis can be compensated by the _ (called _ compensation). By 2 ways
a) kidneys
b) metabolic compensation
c) eliminate H+ & retain HCO3-
Respiratory acidosis can be treated by 2 ways
- IV lactate solution: lactate converted as HCO3- in the liver
- restore ventilation
symptoms of metabolic acidosis
- Headache, leathargy
- nausea
- vomiting
- Diarrhoea => lose HCO3- = acidosis
- Coma
In case of alkalosis, there is __ of the central nervous system. Alkalosis is followed by _
a) stimulation
b) hypokalemia
Respiratory alkalosis can be treated by 2 ways
- IV chloride-containing solution: Cl- replace excess HCO3- in the liver
- breathing into a bag
Respiratory alkalosis can be compensated by the _ (called _ compensation). By 2 ways
a) kidneys
b) metabolic compensation
c) excrete HCO3- & retain H+
symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
- slow respiration bc try to retain CO2 (=H2CO3 = H+)
- Hyperactive reflexes: tetany
- Atrial tachycardia
- Dysrhythmias
why is respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis difficult?
bc hypoventillation (to retain CO2) is limited by hypoxia
Describe complete, partial compensation & uncompensation
- Complete: pH normal range; pCO2 or HCO3- out of range
- Partial: pH out of range; pCO2 or HCO3- out of range
- Un-: pH out of range; pCO2 or HCO3- w/in normal range
In acid-base imbalance the blood samples are collected from:
arteries
what’s the treatment to respiratory acidosis due to COAD (chronic obstructive airways disease) & what it does
thaizide diuretics => inc. water excretion of H+
Cause that leads to (mixed acid-base imbalance) like metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
Salicylate overdose
