Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

water and carbon cycle > water cycle > Flashcards

water cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what is a closed system

A

where energy can move but matter cant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what is the water cycle

A

the continuous movement of water in a closed system around the hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what s the atmosphere

A

the body of gas between the ground and sky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

whats the cryosphere

A

the frozen bodies of water across the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

the oceans and rivers and lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the biosphere

A

the water in all organisms across the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

the ground consisiting of the rigid crust and upper mantle which traps water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the water budget

A

the total net flow of water in the globe, a surplus is when water inputs are higher than outputs and a deficit is when outputs are higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a river regime

A

the annual flow of discharge from a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a flood hydrograph

A

a graph showing the discharge of a river following a rain event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what factors affect the discharge of a river

A

-ground type/ rock types
-shape of the land (topography)
-anticendent conditions (how saturated is the land after a previous event)
-vegetation
-level of precipitation
-size of drainage basin
-deforestation
-afforestation
-urbanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the lag time

A

the time taken for rain to reach a river, difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a flashy hydrograph

A

where the line is steep as rain reaches the river faster, there is a shorter lag time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is orographic rainfall

A

where wamr air forces its way up a steep hill and condenses once it reaches the top and forms clouds. rain falls over the other side of the mountain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is frontal rainfall

A

where an area of warm air meets cold air, the warm air rises above as it is less dense and condensates and becomes clouds. then rains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is convectional rainfall

A

where hot temps heat up surfaces and create warm air which rises up and then cools down to form clouds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the most water stored

A

in the hydosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is evapotranspiration

A

the combination of evaporation and transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is percolation

A

the downfall movement of water through rocks and becoems groudnwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is throughflow

A

where water moves down to a river through the surface of the ground

20
Q

what is infiltration

A

water moving into the ground

20
Q

what are the inputs of water into the water system

A

precipitation

21
Q

what is an aquifer

A

a deep ungreground store of water in rocks

22
Q

what is surface runoff

A

water running down into the river overground

23
Q

what is throughfall stemflow

A

water moving from plants to the ground

24
Q

what is the water balance

A

the total level of water able to be held in soil

25
Q

what is porosity

A

the proportion of the volume of the material that consist of void spaces, for example how many holes there are in a rock for water to be stored in

26
Q

what is permeability

A

the volume of water able to flow through a surface

27
Q

what is the dewpoint

A

the temp where water turns into a liquid

28
Q

why is water vapour important

A

it absorbs, reflctes and scatters incoming solar radiation

29
Q

why is water vapour bad

A

it is a greenhouse gas which traps in heat

30
Q

how will global temps affect the level of water vapour in the atmosphere

A

as temps rise there is more evaporation, this lead to more water vapour in the atmosphere and then the global temps heat even more

31
Q

what determines infiltration

A

-level of vegetation
-topography
-degree of permeability

32
Q

what is water abstraction

A

the removal of water from the water table in underground storages

33
Q

who are gardit

A

general aquifer research development and investiation who aim to control the water table level

34
Q

what will overabstraction lead to

A

a lowering of the water table

35
Q

what will a high water table lead to

A

there will be less room for water storage underground so surface run off and throughflow of water will be high, leading to high risks of flooding

36
Q

what do gardit do

A

they aim to control the water table level in london to ensure the city doesnt flood

37
Q

what is the watertable

A

an underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock.

38
Q

what is the biotic pump theory

A

a theory that suggests that when rain falls over a forest, plants release 80% back into the atmosphere which will lead to more rainfall further into the forest and eventually will stimulate more growth of the forest.

39
Q

what impact do humans have on the water cycle

A

-urbansiation
-afforestation and deforestation
-global warming

40
Q

how large is the river chelmer catchment

A

190,000km2

41
Q

what rates of discharge does it have across a year

A

0.15 cumecs to 30 cumecs

42
Q

what has affected the river chelmer

A

-urbanisation of the area
-deforestation
-climate change
-abstraction
-agriculture
-population change

43
Q

how does agriculture affect the river chelmer

A

lowered the water table by 1m as water was abstracted for farming purposes.

44
Q

population change in chelmsford

A

from 160,000 to172,000

45
Q

what % of urban surfaces have grown in chelmsford since 1970s

A

3% growth of urban surfaces

46
Q

what is a drainage basin

A

an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

47
Q
A

water and carbon cycle (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions