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A Level - Geography ELSS > Water, Clouds > Flashcards

Water, Clouds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main inputs into a drainage basin?

A

Precipitation

Channel Precipitation

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2
Q

What are the main flows/processes of the water cycle?

A 
Evaporation
Transpiration
Ablation
Interception
Percolation
Evapotranspiration
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3
Q

What are the main water cycle stores?

A 
Lake
Groundwater
Rivers
Glaciers
Vegetation
Soil Moisture
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4
Q

Precipitation =

A

Evaporation + Runoff +/- Storage Change

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5
Q

When is water balance +ve?

A

Precipitation > Evapotranspiration

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6
Q

Soil Moisture Utilisation:

A

More evaporation takes place -> More water used from soil

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7
Q

Soil Moisture Recharge:

A

Rainfall increases so soil charges moisture

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8
Q

Define evaporation

A

Water liquid turns to vapour using latent heat (without changing temp)

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9
Q

Define transpiration

A

Diffusion of water from the stomata of plants

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10
Q

Define condensation

A

Water vapour cools to dew point and changes to a liquid

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of cloud?

A

Cumuliform
Stratiform
Cirrus

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12
Q

Characteristics of cumuliform clouds

A

Flat base
Tall
Fluffy

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13
Q

Formation of cumuliform clouds:

A

Vertically rising air causes air particles to expand (lower air pressure at higher altitude) -> cools to dew point

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14
Q

Characteristics of stratiform clouds:

A

Layer clouds

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15
Q

Formation of stratiform clouds:

A

Air moves horizontally across a cooler surface (caused by advection)

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16
Q

Characteristics of cirrus clouds:

A

Wispy clouds

No precipitation

17
Q

Formation of cirrus clouds:

A

Tiny ice crystals forming at very high altitudes

18
Q

Adiabatic Expansion:

A

No heat is transferred in or out of the air

19
Q

Lapse Rate definition:

A

Vertical distribution of temperature in the lower atmosphere (and the changes in air parcels as they rise)

20
Q

What are the 3 types of lapse rate?

A

Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR)
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR)
Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate (SALR)

21
Q

ELR simplified:

A

As we go up, air gets cooler

22
Q

DALR simplified:

A

Dry air cools faster, clouds form quicker

23
Q

SALR simplified:

A

Wet air (saturated), cools slower

A Level - Geography ELSS (12 decks)

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