Management

Question 1

What 3 strategies are used to protect the global water cycle?

Answer 1

Forestry
Water Allocations
Drainage Basin Planning

Question 2

Where has forestry management been used?

Answer 2

Amazon Rainforest

Question 3

What is forestry?

Answer 3

Protecting forests (rain forests) and prevent deforestation

Question 4

Where has forestry been used and what is the name of the programme?

Answer 4

Amazon Rainforest - ARPA

Question 5

What has been done (forestry)?

Answer 5

Protect and secure 10% of the Amazon Rainforest

Question 6

Weaknesses of forestry:

Answer 6

Political corruption -> President tried to get rid of forestry for more mining
34 000 km^2 of forest to monitor per agent

Question 7

Where has water allocations been used and what is the name of the project?

Answer 7

Colorado River - Colorado Compact

Question 8

What does the Colorado Compact do?

Answer 8

Allocates water dependent on population size and agricultural/industrial demands

Question 9

Strengths of the Colorado Compact:

Answer 9

Encourages water storage in major reservoirs

Equal allocation to upper and lower basin states

Question 10

Weaknesses of the Colorado Compact:

Answer 10

Allocations are too high, Mexico has dried up

Precipitation levels falling -> needs renegotiation

Question 11

Where has drainage basin planning been used and what is the name of the project?

Answer 11

Severn River Basin Management Plan

Question 12

What does drainage basin planning do?

Answer 12

Maintain a balance between flows and stores of the water cycle

Question 13

Strengths of drainage basin planning:

Answer 13

Lower course can have wetlands restored whilst upper course can have afforestation
Allows a range of experts to work together (soil, water, forestry etc..)

Question 14

Weaknesses of drainage basin planning:

Answer 14

Land in upper course is privately owned

Land use changes

Question 15

3 aims of strategies to protect global carbon cycle:

Answer 15

Reduce carbon emissions into atmosphere
Increase carbon storage in lithosphere/biosphere/pedosphere
Combination of the 2

Question 16

4 Strategies to protect global carbon cycle:

Answer 16

Wetland Restoration
Afforestation
Agricultural Practices
Carbon Trading

Question 17

Describe wetland restoration:

Answer 17

Restoring salt marshes/floodplains etc.. which occupy 6-9% of Earth’s land mass

Question 18

Describe afforestation:

Answer 18

Planting trees in areas that didn’t have trees before

Question 19

What is the name and purpose of the afforestation scheme?

Answer 19

REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation)

Give trees a money value so people have an incentive to protect them

Question 20

Has the REDD scheme been effective?

Answer 20

If it was working at 100% capacity, it would only make up 20% of necessary carbon sequestration
overall performance rated moderately satisfactory by UN

Question 21

What are examples of agricultural practices?

Answer 21

Overgrazing
Overcultivation
Excessive intensification

Question 22

Consequences of agricultural practices:

Answer 22

Soil erosion

Intensive farming produces 100 million tonnes of CH4 per year (greenhouse gas)

Question 23

Describe cap and trade and the main aim:

Answer 23

An EU trading scheme to reduce emission by the heavy emitters
To reduce emissions by 20% by 2020

Question 24

Successes and weaknesses of cap and trade:

Answer 24

+ Carbon emissions are lower than expected

- Cheaper to buy from other companies