Water Chemistry Flashcards
is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
polarity
a measure of the ability of an atom that is bonded to another atom to attract electrons to itself
electronegativity
a measure of how equally the electrons are shared between the two atoms in a chemical bond
bond polarity
electrons are shared equally
non-polar covalent bond
electrons are not shared equally
polar covalent bond
bonds that occur among polar covalent molecules containing H and one of the three small, highly electronegative elements, F, N, O
hydrogen bonding
it occurs between polar covalent molecules because of the attraction of the atoms of one molecule to the atoms of another molecule
dipole-dipole interactions
attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another
cohesion
the tendency of a liquid’s surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress
surface tension
attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind
adhesion
it is a reaction that result from adhesion that enables water to climb upwards through thin glass tubes placed in a beaker of water
capillary action
it is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
heat capacity
it is the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to a gas at constant temperature
evaporative cooling
it is called the universal solvent
water
it has a higher H concentration than water; below 7.0
acidic
it has a lower H concentration; above 7.0
alkaline
it is used to rank solutions in terms of acidity and basicity (alkalinity)
pH scale
adding water to a ___ solution will not change the pH of the solution
buffers
it is caused by divalent ions: Ca and Mg
water hardness
a process of increased growth of algae and large aquatic plants that results to decreased levels of dissolved oxygen
eutrophication
it is the measurement of oxygen dissolved in water and available for fish and other aquatic life
dissolved oxygen
measures how murky the water is
turbidity
waters that covers more than 70% of the surface of our planet
ocean water
it is the saltiness dissolved in a body of water
salinity
