Water Case Studies Flashcards
Rainforest
How much of the Amazon has been deforested?
20%
Rainforest
In a forest environment, how much water is returned to the cycle through EVT versus when it is cleared?
75% compared to 20%
Rainforest
How much rainforest is being cleared every minute?
A football pitch worth
Rainforest
How much of the world’s fresh water comes from the Amazon?
20%
Rainforest
When did the first wave of deforestation begin in the Amazon?
1970s
Amazon River
How many countries does the river support?
5
Amazon River
What is the driest month in the Amazon Basin?
August
Amazon River
How much is the rainfall during the dry season?
2 Inches
Amazon River
How much is the rainfall per month in the wet season?
8 inches
Amazon River
On the average day, how much moisture do the trees of the Amazon reduce?
20 billion tonnes
Amazon River
What is a feature of the underlying soil in the Amazon?
It is very dense and nutrient heavy
2007 floods
How much economic damage did the River Severn Cause?
£6 million
2007 floods
How many people in Upton died because of the floods?
12
2007 floods
How many homes were effected in Tewkesbury?
48,000
2007 floods
How high above normal levels did the river flood in Worcester?
4.5 metres
Nile
How many people rely on the Nile’s water?
200 million people
Nile
How many countries does the Nile run through? Name 2?
11
Egypt and Ethiopia
Nile
How much water from the Nile does Egypt depend on?
95%
Nile
What was the Nile Basin Initiative and when was it signed?
1999
Enhanced cooperation over the water sources of the Nile between affected countries.
Drought
In 1999, how many people needed food in Ethiopia due to shortages caused by drought?
10 million
Drought
How much of Ethiopias rain falls in summer?
85%
Drought
When did the big Dry occur in Australia?
2006
Drought
How much did reservoirs in Australia fall to during the Big Dry?
40% of their capacity
Drought
What was the impact of the water restrictions in Australia?
Melbourne’s water consumption fell by 16% in 2007 compared to 2006
Nile
In April 2011 which water project was announced?
Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam
Nile
When did Egypt agree to the Grand Ethiopia Dam?
March 2015
Water Management
How much water does Desalination in China produce per day?
14 million cubic metres
Water Management
How many people were protected downstream due to the 3 Gorges dam?
100 million people
Water Management
How many people forced to relocate due to the 3 Gorges dam?
1.3 million people
Water Management
How many emissions do desalination plants produce?
The same as 350 million cars
Water Management
What have the National Water Agency in Singapore invested in?
Local catchment water - collecting rainwater through a network of drains
Flooding
How many people have been affected by flooding since 1990?
3 billion
Flooding
Name a water Bourne disease?
Cholera
Nile
What is the 1929 Nile agreement?
The agreement that gave most of the water allocation to Egypt and Sudan
When did China begin the South-North water redirection plan? How much is it expected to cost?
2003
$100 billion
What % of Dams globally are in China?
46%
What company encourage water conserving farming practices in Africa?
Farm Africa
How much water is expected to be saved on the North China Plain from sustainable irrigation?
25%
Which river did the US army restore in Florida? How much was restored?
Kissimmee
Over 100 square km
Oceans contain what % of all water and what % of fresh water?
97%
0%
Ice caps contain what % of all water and what % of fresh water?
1.9%
68.7%
Ground water contain what % of all water and what % of fresh water?
1.1%
30.1%
What % of all precipitation removal in arid/semi arid areas does EVT account for?
Nearly 100%
75% in humid areas
In 2014, how many cloud seeding missions were there in Dubai?
187
How long does it take for run off to stop on recently afforested land?
30 years
By 1994 how much had the surface of the Aral Sea declined by? Why?
50%
Soviet Irregation use
How long can mid latitude anticyclones block precipitation for in the UK? What droughts did they cause
2 weeks
2010/2012
When was the Millennium drought in Australia?
1997-2009
What is the hottest temperature ever recorded in the UK?
40.3°c
What is an example of a wetland?
Everglades in Florida
How long do trees take to recover to their normal growth after drought?
1-4 years
During the 2000-2003 droughts in Piñon Pines (USA) how many pines died because they were more susceptible to beetle attacks?
90% in some areas
In 2015, how many people in Myanmar died due to Monsoon flooding?
103
Which Siberian river floods due to snowmelt?
Ob
What % of the world’s population live in areas receiving 25% of annual rainfall?
66%
In China, how many people use contaminated water each day?
300 million
Until recently, what % of abstractions were for agriculture?
70%
Why is LA water expensive?
Because it comes from Colorado and therefore has to travel through pipes for miles
How much higher are costs in Manila than normal due to informal vendors controlling supply?
4x
How many litres of water needed for 1kg of beef in China?
17,850
What % of water is used in energy production?
20%
Where in the UK was there conflict over dam building?
Kielder Northumberland
What Tanzanian river did stakeholders disagree about the management of?
Great Ruaha River
What percent of all tube wells in Bangladesh were found to have arsenic in?
20%
Where is saltwater encroaching into aquifers?
Los Angeles Basin
