Glaciers Case Studies Flashcards
Greenland
How much ice cover does Greenland have?
80%
Greenland
What percent of the population is Inuit?
88%
Greenland
Between 1992 and 2001 how much did the ice decrease by per year?
34 Gigatonnes
Greenland
Between 2002 and 2011 how much did the ice decrease by per year?
215 gigatonnes
Greenland
What is the population of Greenland?
56,000
Greenland
How much ice does Greenland shed in an average year?
250 billion tonnes
Greenland
How many mm of sea level rise per decade?
7mm
Greenland
Per cm of sea level rise, how many people are at risk of flooding?
6 million
Greenland
How many polar bears are in Greenland?
4 colonies
Greenland
What temperature rise has Greenland seen in the past decade?
0.75 degree rise
Yamal
What local community live in the peninsula?
Nenets
Yamal
How much carbon does the permafrost contain?
Double the amount in the atmosphere
Yamal
How many nomads does reindeer herding support?
10,000
Yamal
How much of the world’s gas is contained in the peninsula?
Almost 1/4
Yamal
How many reindeer herders have already been evicted?
150
Yamal
Who is behind the Yamal Megaproject?
Gazprom
Lake District
How wide have the 2 metre paths in the Lake District been made?
12m
Lake District
How much does 300m of pathway cost to fix?
£45,000
Lake District
How many tourists visit the Lake District each year?
16 million
Lake District
How much money did visitors spend in the Lake district?
£1.1 billion
Lake District
How long ago did fix the fells launch?
20 years ago
Nepal
When was Sagarmatha National Park created?
1976
Nepal
How many people attempt to climb Everest each year?
600
Nepal
How much trash does each climber of Everest generate?
8kg
Nepal
From 2019, how much money must be paid as a deposit when climbing Everest?
$4000 - Given back if they bring back their rubbish
Nepal
How many people live below the poverty line in Nepal?
1/4
Iceland
Which volcano heats the Vatnajokull ice cap?
Grimsvotn
Iceland
How much total discharge is in the lake formed from Vatnajokull?
0.5 - 3.5 km3
Iceland
How much was the damage to infrastructure from the flood?
US $15 million
Legal
Which countries are in the Alpine Convention?
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland
Legal
When was the Alpine Convention invented?
1995
Legal
Why have Switzerland not ratified any protocols of the Alpine convention yet?
Many of the Mountain Cantons opposed the convention as it was interfering with their control of the local area
Zermatt
How many tourists visit the ski resort each year?
2 million
Zermatt
What are 2 examples of how Zermatt is sustainable?
- The town is car free
- Visitors are encouraged to use electric taxis or bikes
Zermatt
How much money do the Zermatt Bergbahnen spend on environmental projects for the slopes?
Up to 1 million Swiss francs
Zermatt
How many protected forests does Zermatt have?
6
Zermatt
How much forest would be lost if they had built the 2000 space car park in 2010?
9000 m2 of forest
Polar Tourism
How many tourists visit the Antarctic each year?
40,000
Polar Tourism
How much is a day trip to Antarctica?
£14,000
Polar Tourism
What caused localised pollution of the Antarctic in 2007?
The MS explorer sinking in the Bransfield Straits
What is the purpose of the Antarctic treaty?
To fully protect the environment of the Antarctica for research
When was the Antarctic Treaty signed?
December 1959
How many nations in the Antarctic treaty? Name 3?
12
UK US Russia
In the town of Gap (fr) buses are free for how many people as an attempt to reduce emissions?
39,000
What has the town of Arosa (Switzerland) done to offset carbon emissions?
Have a local tourism tax to buy carbon credits from a German biogas plant
Alpine convention - how have they helped adapt in Bavaria?
Preventative flood measures have been implemented
Legal
What is the aim of the Alpine convention?
To balance the needs of 14 million residents and 120 million tourists
National scale management
What % of Alaska has some kind of protective status?
56%
National Scale Management
How many national parks in Alaska?
15
Economic value
How much electricity in Norway and New Zealand is derived from HEP?
Over 90%
Economic value
How many HEP stations in Switzerland? How much of the electricity do they provide?
500
70% of electricity
Economic value
What organisation carries out silviculture (forestry of upland areas) in the UK?
The Forestry Commission - mainly plant Sitka Spruce (non native, quick growing)
Economic value
What percentage of people in Bolivia who live in the high Andes are subsistence farmers? What % of the countries GDP do they provide?
70%
30%
Ecological value
How much of Earth’s fresh water is locked up in ice?
75%
Ecological value
How many gallons of water is provided for Colorado from the Arapaho Glacier?
260 million
Ecological value
How much carbon does the Antarctic ice sheet store?
20,000 billion tonnes
Scientific value
Where has a gene pool of wild organisms been created?
The Global Seed Bank in Svalbard
Scientific Value
Where do bird communities frequently migrate to?
The Alaskan North Slope
Wilderness contribution
Who is a Wilderness poet and where was he from?
Robert W Service
Alaska
