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Geography 2024 A level > Glaciers Case Studies > Flashcards

Glaciers Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Greenland

How much ice cover does Greenland have?

A

80%

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2
Q

Greenland

What percent of the population is Inuit?

A

88%

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3
Q

Greenland

Between 1992 and 2001 how much did the ice decrease by per year?

A

34 Gigatonnes

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4
Q

Greenland

Between 2002 and 2011 how much did the ice decrease by per year?

A

215 gigatonnes

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5
Q

Greenland

What is the population of Greenland?

A

56,000

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6
Q

Greenland

How much ice does Greenland shed in an average year?

A

250 billion tonnes

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7
Q

Greenland

How many mm of sea level rise per decade?

A

7mm

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8
Q

Greenland

Per cm of sea level rise, how many people are at risk of flooding?

A

6 million

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9
Q

Greenland

How many polar bears are in Greenland?

A

4 colonies

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10
Q

Greenland

What temperature rise has Greenland seen in the past decade?

A

0.75 degree rise

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11
Q

Yamal

What local community live in the peninsula?

A

Nenets

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12
Q

Yamal

How much carbon does the permafrost contain?

A

Double the amount in the atmosphere

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13
Q

Yamal

How many nomads does reindeer herding support?

A

10,000

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14
Q

Yamal

How much of the world’s gas is contained in the peninsula?

A

Almost 1/4

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15
Q

Yamal

How many reindeer herders have already been evicted?

A

150

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16
Q

Yamal

Who is behind the Yamal Megaproject?

A

Gazprom

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17
Q

Lake District

How wide have the 2 metre paths in the Lake District been made?

A

12m

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18
Q

Lake District

How much does 300m of pathway cost to fix?

A

£45,000

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19
Q

Lake District

How many tourists visit the Lake District each year?

A

16 million

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20
Q

Lake District

How much money did visitors spend in the Lake district?

A

£1.1 billion

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21
Q

Lake District

How long ago did fix the fells launch?

A

20 years ago

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22
Q

Nepal

When was Sagarmatha National Park created?

A

1976

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23
Q

Nepal

How many people attempt to climb Everest each year?

A

600

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24
Q

Nepal

How much trash does each climber of Everest generate?

25
Nepal From 2019, how much money must be paid as a deposit when climbing Everest?
$4000 - Given back if they bring back their rubbish
26
Nepal How many people live below the poverty line in Nepal?
1/4
27
Iceland Which volcano heats the Vatnajokull ice cap?
Grimsvotn
28
Iceland How much total discharge is in the lake formed from Vatnajokull?
0.5 - 3.5 km3
29
Iceland How much was the damage to infrastructure from the flood?
US $15 million
30
Legal Which countries are in the Alpine Convention?
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland
31
Legal When was the Alpine Convention invented?
1995
32
Legal Why have Switzerland not ratified any protocols of the Alpine convention yet?
Many of the Mountain Cantons opposed the convention as it was interfering with their control of the local area
33
Zermatt How many tourists visit the ski resort each year?
2 million
34
Zermatt What are 2 examples of how Zermatt is sustainable?
1. The town is car free 2. Visitors are encouraged to use electric taxis or bikes
35
Zermatt How much money do the Zermatt Bergbahnen spend on environmental projects for the slopes?
Up to 1 million Swiss francs
36
Zermatt How many protected forests does Zermatt have?
6
37
Zermatt How much forest would be lost if they had built the 2000 space car park in 2010?
9000 m2 of forest
38
Polar Tourism How many tourists visit the Antarctic each year?
40,000
39
Polar Tourism How much is a day trip to Antarctica?
£14,000
40
Polar Tourism What caused localised pollution of the Antarctic in 2007?
The MS explorer sinking in the Bransfield Straits
41
What is the purpose of the Antarctic treaty?
To fully protect the environment of the Antarctica for research
42
When was the Antarctic Treaty signed?
December 1959
43
How many nations in the Antarctic treaty? Name 3?
12 UK US Russia
44
In the town of Gap (fr) buses are free for how many people as an attempt to reduce emissions?
39,000
45
What has the town of Arosa (Switzerland) done to offset carbon emissions?
Have a local tourism tax to buy carbon credits from a German biogas plant
46
Alpine convention - how have they helped adapt in Bavaria?
Preventative flood measures have been implemented
47
Legal What is the aim of the Alpine convention?
To balance the needs of 14 million residents and 120 million tourists
48
National scale management What % of Alaska has some kind of protective status?
56%
49
National Scale Management How many national parks in Alaska?
15
50
Economic value How much electricity in Norway and New Zealand is derived from HEP?
Over 90%
51
Economic value How many HEP stations in Switzerland? How much of the electricity do they provide?
500 70% of electricity
52
Economic value What organisation carries out silviculture (forestry of upland areas) in the UK?
The Forestry Commission - mainly plant Sitka Spruce (non native, quick growing)
53
Economic value What percentage of people in Bolivia who live in the high Andes are subsistence farmers? What % of the countries GDP do they provide?
70% 30%
54
Ecological value How much of Earth’s fresh water is locked up in ice?
75%
55
Ecological value How many gallons of water is provided for Colorado from the Arapaho Glacier?
260 million
56
Ecological value How much carbon does the Antarctic ice sheet store?
20,000 billion tonnes
57
Scientific value Where has a gene pool of wild organisms been created?
The Global Seed Bank in Svalbard
58
Scientific Value Where do bird communities frequently migrate to?
The Alaskan North Slope
59
Wilderness contribution Who is a Wilderness poet and where was he from?
Robert W Service Alaska

Geography 2024 A level (4 decks)

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