Water & Carbon Cycle

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

• heavy cloud droplets that can no longer float

Question 2

Evaporation

Answer 2

• change of liquid and frozen water into water-vapour gas

Question 3

Groundwater Storage

Answer 3

• groundwater exists beneath top layer of soil in layer called an aquifer

Question 4

Plant Uptake

Answer 4

• rain infiltrates downwards into ground with most of it held between dirt particles close to surface - roots pull up water and send to plant

Question 5

Ice Clouds

Answer 5

• clouds made of ice that occur at high altitudes

Question 6

Desublimation

Answer 6

• when a gas condenses into a solid

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

• process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, e.g. leaves

Question 8

Snowmelt

Answer 8

• when snow melts, rivers rise

Question 9

Runoff

Answer 9

• water running off land surface

Question 10

Seepage

Answer 10

• occurs when precipitation falls and soaks into ground

Question 11

Volcanic Steam

Answer 11

• steam emitted from volcanos preparing to erupt - contributes to formation of clouds

Question 12

Percolation

Answer 12

• slow movement of water through pores in soil or permeable rock

Question 13

Condensation

Answer 13

• water vapour gas condenses back into liquid water and ice

Question 14

Groundwater Flow

Answer 14

• water underground moves due to gravity - downwards and sideways - fills aquifers and water for lakes

Question 15

Infiltration

Answer 15

• process of water entering ground

Question 16

Evapotranspiration

Answer 16

• combo of evaporation and transpiration - plants transpire water from leaves and water is evaporating from soil around them

Question 17

Flood Hyrdograph

Answer 17

• shows discharge of a river following a particular storm event

Question 18

Dew Point Temperature

Answer 18

• temp where air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapour

Question 19

Dew Frost

Answer 19

• forms when an exposed surface cools and atmospheric moisture condenses quicker than it can evaporate

Question 20

Hoar Frost

Answer 20

• forms when surface temperatures are below freezing point - on vegetation and fences

Question 21

Aquifer

Answer 21

• body of permeable rock which contains & transmits groundwater

Question 22

Terrestrial Water

Answer 22

• vertically integrated water of all forms above and below Earth’s surface

Question 23

Oceanic Water

Answer 23

• water contained in oceans and seas but not including inland seas

Question 24

Cryospheric Water

Answer 24

• water locked up on Earth’s surface as ice

Question 25

Atmospheric Water

Answer 25

• water found in the atmosphere; mainly water vapour with some liquid water and ice crystals

Question 26

Types of Basins

Answer 26

Dendritic
Trellis
Parallel
Rectangular
Annular
Deranged
Radial

Question 27

Positive feedback

Answer 27

Sequence of events that increases change - exacerbates outputs

Question 28

Negative feedback

Answer 28

Sequence of events that neutralises effects of system - dynamic equilibrium

Question 29

Aquifer

Answer 29

Body of permeable rock that contains and transports groundwater

Question 30

Open system

Answer 30

Transfers both energy and matter across boundary

Question 31

Closed system

Answer 31

Transfers energy but not matter across boundary

Question 32

Morphological system

Answer 32

Variables affect each other - e.g. beach size affects LSD

Question 33

Cascading system

Answer 33

One thing has direct impact on another

Question 34

Isolated system

Answer 34

No interaction with anything beyond boundary

Question 35

Oceanic diffusion

Answer 35

Diffusion of carbon into and out of world’s oceans

Question 36

Carbon ocean sequestration

Answer 36

Long term storage of carbon in oceans