Human

Question 1

Urbanisation and causes

Answer 1

Increase in proportion of a country’s population that lives in towns and cities
Caused by: Migration And Population Growth

Question 2

Suburbanisation

Answer 2

Outward growth of urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into larger urban agglomeration

• part of urbanisation
• puts pressure on greenfield and nature

Question 3

Urban Sprawl

Answer 3

Physical spreading of city into surrounding countryside

Question 4

Causes of suburbanisation

Answer 4

• upper classes went from industrial areas to suburbs

- as suburbs grow, more people attracted

Question 5

Features of UK suburbs

Answer 5

• modern suburbs include flats and taller town houses
• suburbanised industries
• semi detached housing
• recreational facilities
• local shops

Question 6

Features of US suburbs

Answer 6

• detached single family homes
• low densities of houses
• more whites, less ethnic minorities
• cul-de-sacs

Question 7

Features of Canada suburbs

• 80% of Canadians live in urban areas

Answer 7

• denser than US
• mix of high rises with low housing
• less focused on care - more public transport

Question 8

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 8

When large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside

Question 9

Causes of counter-urbanisation

Answer 9

1. Market declines
2. Industries close
3. Unemployment
4. Less money to spend in local shops
5. Local economy declines
6. No new investment - back to no.2

Question 10

Urban decline

Answer 10

• deterioration of inner city caused by lack of investment and maintenance

Question 11

Urban Growth

Answer 11

Increase in total population of town or city

Question 12

Urban Resurgence

Answer 12

Population movement from rural back to urban areas

Question 12

Deindustrialisation

Answer 12

Long term decline of a country’s manufacturing industries

Question 13

Edge cities

Answer 13

Surrounded by new forms of retail, leisure and business parks

Question 14

Gentrification

Answer 14

Improvement of urban areas by individual property owners

Question 15

Postmodern city

Answer 15

Urban form associated with changes in urban structure and architectural design

Question 16

Albedo

Answer 16

Surface reflects the sun - lower albedo e.g. tarmac absorbs heat

Question 17

Venturi effect

Answer 17

Violent form of wind gusts caused in narrow gaps by air rushing to replace low pressure vortices beyond structures

Question 18

Dredging

Answer 18

Making river wider or deeper to hold more water

Question 19

Temperature inversion

Answer 19

Temp of atmosphere increases with altitude instead of decreasing

Question 20

Waste management

Answer 20

Collection, transportation and disposal of waste

Question 21

Counter urbanisation

Answer 21

Large numbers of people move from urban areas to surrounding countryside

Question 22

Urban deprivation

Answer 22

Standard of living below that of majority

Question 23

World city

Answer 23

City that is generally considered to be an important node in global economic system

Question 24

Re urbanisation

Answer 24

Movement of people back into an area that has been previously abandoned

Question 25

Urban decline

Answer 25

Deterioration of inner city caused by lack of investment and maintenance

Question 26

Causes of inner city decline

Answer 26

Deindustrialisation

Population loss and social decline

Question 27

Types of waste management (6)

Answer 27

Disposal
Incineration
Physical reprocessing
Biological reprocessing
Energy recovery
Waste reduction

Question 28

Studentification

Answer 28

Process when neighbourhoods become dominated by students