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renal final > Water balance-regualation Na > Flashcards

Water balance-regualation Na Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main substances that exert osmotic pressure

A

K

Na and plasma protein

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2
Q

What compartment is high in Ca and Cl

A

ECF

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3
Q

what compartment is high in HCO3? what about Pi?

A

HCO3 high in ECF and Pi high ICF

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4
Q

what is the normal pH for ICF

A

7.1

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5
Q

How is plams Na osmolarity regulated

A

water balance

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6
Q

what is the total body Na content

A

dietary Na intake- urinary excretion of Na

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7
Q

Increased ECF causes what to happen to Na?

Decrease?

A

increased results in Na excretion

decreased ECF results in Na reabsorption

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8
Q

where is majority of Na reabsorbed? and where is the “fine tuning” of Na handling

A

majority is reabsorbed in PT

fine tuning in Distal nephron

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9
Q

What factors promote Na reabsorption

A

activation of renal sympathetic nerves
activation of RAAS
secretion of aldosterone

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10
Q

What factors promote Na excretion

A

release ANP
release of urodilatin
intrarenal PGs

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11
Q

sympathetic activity stimulates what in the renal system

A

stimulates Na reabsorption and renin secretion

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12
Q

What stimulates the renal sympathetic stimulation

A

fall in perfusion Pressure though cardiopulm baroReceptors

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13
Q

Via what Receptor does SANs activate renin secretion

A

B1 receptor in JG apparatus

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14
Q

What factors promote renin secretion

A

SANS
tubuloglomerular feedback from a decrease in NaCl
increased afferent arteriolar vasoconstrictor due to intrarenal baroreceptor

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15
Q

What affect do loop diuretics have on renin secretion

A

cut off Na reabsorption –diuresis

renin secretion goes up due to decrease in Na delivery in DT

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16
Q

How does ANG II affect GFR and RBF

A

increase GFR to maintain its activity and dec in RBF

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17
Q

What does ANG II stimulate

A 
efferent arteriolar constriction>afferent
thirst
ADH
aldosterone
mesangial cell contraction
18
Q

What affect does ANG II have on renin secretion

A

negative feedback

19
Q

what is the affect of catecholamines on renin secretion

A

increase it

20
Q

Where does aldosterone have its affect

A

late distal tubule

21
Q

What is the result of aldosterone

A

increase Na reabsoprtion in DT leading to negative lumen so passive Cl absoption and K and H secretion

22
Q

What is a consequence of hyperaldosteronism on K and H

A

hypokalemia

alkalosis

23
Q

To correct hyperkalemia what is a general drug

A

diuretic

24
Q

What affect does increase aldosterone have on renin secretion

A

negative feedback. kidneys sense increased renal pressure and thus inhibit renin release

25
Q

What is ANP affect on GFR and RBF

A

increase via afferent dilation and efferent constriction. increase RBF

26
Q

What is the effect of ANP on Na

A

inhibits reabsorption
suppresses RAAS and ADH
acts as vasodilator

27
Q

what is the endogenous natriuretic peptide

A

urodilatin

28
Q

what area of nephron secretes urodilatin

A

DCT and collecting duct

29
Q

does urodilatin have an effect on systemic circulation

A

no.

30
Q

What effect do PGs have on Na excretion

A

increase excretion by suppressing reabsorption in TAL and cortical collecting duct

31
Q

What affect to PGs have on GFR

A

increase by dilating arteries

32
Q

What effect do PGs have on the medullary tissue

A

decrease the concentration

33
Q

Where is AVP or ADH secreted

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

What are the major stimuli for ADH release

A

hyperosmolality

volume depletion

35
Q

What is hyponatremia caused by? what about volume depletion?

A

hyponatremia is caused by too much water where volume depletion is caused by too little Na

36
Q

What is hypernatremia caused by? what about edema?

A

hypernatremia is caused by too little water

edema is caused by too much Na

37
Q

Where in the nephron alteris its reabsorption to Na in nephron during volume contraction

A

PT increases reabsorption

38
Q

What are the sensors for plasma osmolarity? the effectors?

A

sensors are hypothalamic osmoreceptors

effectors are ADH and thirst

39
Q

What are the sensors for adequate tissue perfusion and effectors?

A

sensors are macula dense, afferent arterioles, atria and carotid sinus
effectors are RAAS, ANP, NE, ADH

40
Q

What effect do ADH and thirst have on the body

A

urine osmolarity and water intake

41
Q

what effect do RAAS, ANP NE and ADH have on body

A

urinary sodium and thirst

renal final (6 decks)

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