Water balance-regualation Na

Question 1

what are the main substances that exert osmotic pressure

Answer 1

K

Na and plasma protein

Question 2

What compartment is high in Ca and Cl

Answer 2

ECF

Question 3

what compartment is high in HCO3? what about Pi?

Answer 3

HCO3 high in ECF and Pi high ICF

Question 4

what is the normal pH for ICF

Answer 4

7.1

Question 5

How is plams Na osmolarity regulated

Answer 5

water balance

Question 6

what is the total body Na content

Answer 6

dietary Na intake- urinary excretion of Na

Question 7

Increased ECF causes what to happen to Na?

Decrease?

Answer 7

increased results in Na excretion

decreased ECF results in Na reabsorption

Question 8

where is majority of Na reabsorbed? and where is the “fine tuning” of Na handling

Answer 8

majority is reabsorbed in PT

fine tuning in Distal nephron

Question 9

What factors promote Na reabsorption

Answer 9

activation of renal sympathetic nerves
activation of RAAS
secretion of aldosterone

Question 10

What factors promote Na excretion

Answer 10

release ANP
release of urodilatin
intrarenal PGs

Question 11

sympathetic activity stimulates what in the renal system

Answer 11

stimulates Na reabsorption and renin secretion

Question 12

What stimulates the renal sympathetic stimulation

Answer 12

fall in perfusion Pressure though cardiopulm baroReceptors

Question 13

Via what Receptor does SANs activate renin secretion

Answer 13

B1 receptor in JG apparatus

Question 14

What factors promote renin secretion

Answer 14

SANS
tubuloglomerular feedback from a decrease in NaCl
increased afferent arteriolar vasoconstrictor due to intrarenal baroreceptor

Question 15

What affect do loop diuretics have on renin secretion

Answer 15

cut off Na reabsorption –diuresis

renin secretion goes up due to decrease in Na delivery in DT

Question 16

How does ANG II affect GFR and RBF

Answer 16

increase GFR to maintain its activity and dec in RBF

Question 17

What does ANG II stimulate

Answer 17

efferent arteriolar constriction>afferent
thirst
ADH
aldosterone
mesangial cell contraction

Question 18

What affect does ANG II have on renin secretion

Answer 18

negative feedback

Question 19

what is the affect of catecholamines on renin secretion

Answer 19

increase it

Question 20

Where does aldosterone have its affect

Answer 20

late distal tubule

Question 21

What is the result of aldosterone

Answer 21

increase Na reabsoprtion in DT leading to negative lumen so passive Cl absoption and K and H secretion

Question 22

What is a consequence of hyperaldosteronism on K and H

Answer 22

hypokalemia

alkalosis

Question 23

To correct hyperkalemia what is a general drug

Answer 23

diuretic

Question 24

What affect does increase aldosterone have on renin secretion

Answer 24

negative feedback. kidneys sense increased renal pressure and thus inhibit renin release

Question 25

What is ANP affect on GFR and RBF

Answer 25

increase via afferent dilation and efferent constriction. increase RBF

Question 26

What is the effect of ANP on Na

Answer 26

inhibits reabsorption suppresses RAAS and ADH acts as vasodilator

Question 27

what is the endogenous natriuretic peptide

Answer 27

urodilatin

Question 28

what area of nephron secretes urodilatin

Answer 28

DCT and collecting duct

Question 29

does urodilatin have an effect on systemic circulation

Answer 29

no.

Question 30

What effect do PGs have on Na excretion

Answer 30

increase excretion by suppressing reabsorption in TAL and cortical collecting duct

Question 31

What affect to PGs have on GFR

Answer 31

increase by dilating arteries

Question 32

What effect do PGs have on the medullary tissue

Answer 32

decrease the concentration

Question 33

Where is AVP or ADH secreted

Answer 33

hypothalamus

Question 34

What are the major stimuli for ADH release

Answer 34

hyperosmolality | volume depletion

Question 35

What is hyponatremia caused by? what about volume depletion?

Answer 35

hyponatremia is caused by too much water where volume depletion is caused by too little Na

Question 36

What is hypernatremia caused by? what about edema?

Answer 36

hypernatremia is caused by too little water | edema is caused by too much Na

Question 37

Where in the nephron alteris its reabsorption to Na in nephron during volume contraction

Answer 37

PT increases reabsorption

Question 38

What are the sensors for plasma osmolarity? the effectors?

Answer 38

sensors are hypothalamic osmoreceptors | effectors are ADH and thirst

Question 39

What are the sensors for adequate tissue perfusion and effectors?

Answer 39

sensors are macula dense, afferent arterioles, atria and carotid sinus effectors are RAAS, ANP, NE, ADH

Question 40

What effect do ADH and thirst have on the body

Answer 40

urine osmolarity and water intake

Question 41

what effect do RAAS, ANP NE and ADH have on body

Answer 41

urinary sodium and thirst