Water Balance

Question 1

To maintain homeostasis, the body needs a relative constant concentration of what three factors?

Answer 1

(1) Osmotic pressure & water balance
(2) Ions (electrolytes - cations & anions)
(3) pH

Question 2

What is the term used when the formation rate does not equal the removal rate?

Answer 2

↑ formation = accumulation

↑ removal = depletion

Question 3

Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up what fraction of total volume of water?

Answer 3

2/3.

Question 4

Define the term interstitial.

Answer 4

To surround the cell.

Question 5

What are common symptoms for water depletion?

Answer 5

Bleeding, diarrhea, vomiting, increased urination, sweating.

Question 6

What are common symptoms of fluid accumulation?

Answer 6

Systemic edema, pulmonary edema, ascites (fluid around organs).

Question 7

Describe osmosis and where it travels when in high concentrations.

Answer 7

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 8

Describe reverse osmosis and where it travels when in high concentrations.

Answer 8

A process by which a solvent passes through a porous membrane in the direction opposite to that for natural osmosis when subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure.

Question 9

Describe oncotic pressure and how it relates to proteins.

Answer 9

Osmotic pressure occurs when there is a higher concentration of protein on the plasma side than the interstitial side of the cell membrane.

Question 10

Oncotic pressure exists with ___ fluid only.

Answer 10

extravascular.

Question 11

An imbalance of water is the cause of edema formation, what are some ways edema can form?

Answer 11

(1) ↑ capillary hydrostatic pressure
(2) ↓ plasma oncotic pressure
(3) Inflammatory processes
(4) Obstruction in lymphatics
(5) ↑ interstitial oncotic pressure