Water and Stems Flashcards
Brownium movement
All molecules and atoms are in constant motion
Gas movement limitation
Less limited
Solid movement limitation
More limited
Diffusion =
Atoms/molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration Large molecules move slow Solids move slow
Osmosis =
Water diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane Specific to water
Equilibrium is met when ___ are equal
Concentrations
Solution 2 parts
Solvent (liquid part) Solute (dissolved part)
Tonicity =
Amount of solutes
Hypotonic =
fewer solutes (relative)
Hypertonic =
More solutes (relative)
Isotonic =
Same amount of solutes
Osmotic potential =
Potential of water to do diffusion
Gradient Steep gradient =
Large difference in concentrations
Turgor pressure =
Pressure exerted by cell sap
Water potential =
Osmotic potential + pressure potential
Lower water potential gather water from cells with ___ water potential
Higher
Plasmolysis =
Water is lost from central vacuole
Imbibition =
Polar molecules attract water Starch in plants
Imbibition pressure for walnut
Greater than 600psi A very strong force
Active transport =
Moves molecules against the gradient from low concentration to high concentration Requires energy
Plant Circulation Transpiration
Evaporation of water from plant tissue Circulation “up” Cools plant
Cohesion =
Water sticks to water
Adhesion =
Water sticks to other polar molecules
Plant Circulation Cohesion - Tension theory
Water potential at roots is very high Roots have xylem
Water evaporates inside lead and escapes via stomata
Eventually water is drawn from xylem Xylem cells connect to to xylem in roots where osmotic potential is very high
Plant Circulation Pressure - Flow hypothesis
Phloem transports carbohydrates to roots
Glucose is moved into phloem via active transport
Water flows and increases water potential
Water flows into areas of lower water potential
Glucose follows moving water
Active transport in roots moves glucose from phloem into cells
Minerals dissolved in water and referred to as
Inorganic nutrients
Minerals 2 categories
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Minerals Macronutrients make up ____ of the plants body weight
0.5% - 3%
Minerals Macronutrients: N P K Ca Mg S
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sulfur
2 types of organ systems
Shoot organ system
Root organ system
Stems
Which organ system and its location?
Shoot organ system
Usually above ground
Stems
5 functions
Support
Transport
Photosynthesis
Storage
Climbing
Stems anatomy
Leaf attachment types
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
2 parts of a leaf
Petiole (small “stem” from leaf)
Blade
Axil =
Leaf attachement angle
Axillary buds =
Areas of potential growth
Bud scales =
Protection for bud tissues
Internodes =
Areas between nodes
Terminal buds =
Apical meristem - lengthening growth
Leaf scars =
Left when leaf falls off
Bundle scars =
Inside leaf scars
show where vascular tissue stopped growing
Apical Meristem Leaf primordia
Immature leaves
Apical Meristem
5 tissues developed here
Xylem
Phloem
Epidermis
Pith
Cortex
Apical Meristem
Xylem develops from
Procambium
Apical Meristem
Phloem develops from
Procambium
Apical Meristem
Epidermis derived from
Protoderm
Apical Meristem
Pith develops from
Ground Meristem (from parenchyma cells)
Apical Meristem
Cortex develops from
Ground meristem
Leaf gap is created when…
Vascular tissue goes into leaf and does not continue up the stem
Leaf trace =
The portion of vascular tissue that goes into the leaf
Vascular cambium creates
Xylem and phloem
In woody plants ____ creates cork or “bark”
Cork cambium
Bark =
Cork + phloem
