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Botany Lecture Unit 1 > Water and Stems > Flashcards

Water and Stems Flashcards

1
Q

Brownium movement

A

All molecules and atoms are in constant motion

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2
Q

Gas movement limitation

A

Less limited

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3
Q

Solid movement limitation

A

More limited

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4
Q

Diffusion =

A

Atoms/molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration Large molecules move slow Solids move slow

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5
Q

Osmosis =

A

Water diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane Specific to water

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6
Q

Equilibrium is met when ___ are equal

A

Concentrations

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7
Q

Solution 2 parts

A

Solvent (liquid part) Solute (dissolved part)

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8
Q

Tonicity =

A

Amount of solutes

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9
Q

Hypotonic =

A

fewer solutes (relative)

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10
Q

Hypertonic =

A

More solutes (relative)

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11
Q

Isotonic =

A

Same amount of solutes

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12
Q

Osmotic potential =

A

Potential of water to do diffusion

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13
Q

Gradient Steep gradient =

A

Large difference in concentrations

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14
Q

Turgor pressure =

A

Pressure exerted by cell sap

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15
Q

Water potential =

A

Osmotic potential + pressure potential

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16
Q

Lower water potential gather water from cells with ___ water potential

A

Higher

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17
Q

Plasmolysis =

A

Water is lost from central vacuole

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18
Q

Imbibition =

A

Polar molecules attract water Starch in plants

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19
Q

Imbibition pressure for walnut

A

Greater than 600psi A very strong force

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20
Q

Active transport =

A

Moves molecules against the gradient from low concentration to high concentration Requires energy

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21
Q

Plant Circulation Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from plant tissue Circulation “up” Cools plant

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22
Q

Cohesion =

A

Water sticks to water

23
Q

Adhesion =

A

Water sticks to other polar molecules

24
Q

Plant Circulation Cohesion - Tension theory

A

Water potential at roots is very high Roots have xylem

Water evaporates inside lead and escapes via stomata

Eventually water is drawn from xylem Xylem cells connect to to xylem in roots where osmotic potential is very high

25
Q

Plant Circulation Pressure - Flow hypothesis

A

Phloem transports carbohydrates to roots

Glucose is moved into phloem via active transport

Water flows and increases water potential

Water flows into areas of lower water potential

Glucose follows moving water

Active transport in roots moves glucose from phloem into cells

26
Q

Minerals dissolved in water and referred to as

A

Inorganic nutrients

27
Q

Minerals 2 categories

A

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

28
Q

Minerals Macronutrients make up ____ of the plants body weight

A

0.5% - 3%

29
Q

Minerals Macronutrients: N P K Ca Mg S

A

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sulfur

30
Q

2 types of organ systems

A

Shoot organ system

Root organ system

31
Q

Stems

Which organ system and its location?

A

Shoot organ system

Usually above ground

32
Q

Stems

5 functions

A

Support

Transport

Photosynthesis

Storage

Climbing

33
Q

Stems anatomy

Leaf attachment types

A

Opposite

Alternate

Whorled

34
Q

2 parts of a leaf

A

Petiole (small “stem” from leaf)

Blade

35
Q

Axil =

A

Leaf attachement angle

36
Q

Axillary buds =

A

Areas of potential growth

37
Q

Bud scales =

A

Protection for bud tissues

38
Q

Internodes =

A

Areas between nodes

39
Q

Terminal buds =

A

Apical meristem - lengthening growth

40
Q

Leaf scars =

A

Left when leaf falls off

41
Q

Bundle scars =

A

Inside leaf scars

show where vascular tissue stopped growing

42
Q

Apical Meristem Leaf primordia

A

Immature leaves

43
Q

Apical Meristem

5 tissues developed here

A

Xylem

Phloem

Epidermis

Pith

Cortex

44
Q

Apical Meristem

Xylem develops from

A

Procambium

45
Q

Apical Meristem

Phloem develops from

A

Procambium

46
Q

Apical Meristem

Epidermis derived from

A

Protoderm

47
Q

Apical Meristem

Pith develops from

A

Ground Meristem (from parenchyma cells)

48
Q

Apical Meristem

Cortex develops from

A

Ground meristem

49
Q

Leaf gap is created when…

A

Vascular tissue goes into leaf and does not continue up the stem

50
Q

Leaf trace =

A

The portion of vascular tissue that goes into the leaf

51
Q

Vascular cambium creates

A

Xylem and phloem

52
Q

In woody plants ____ creates cork or “bark”

A

Cork cambium

53
Q

Bark =

A

Cork + phloem

Botany Lecture Unit 1 (10 decks)

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