Cells Review

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Lack internal membranes

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

Have internal membranes + organelles

Question 3

Cell wall purpose

Answer 3

Surrounds protoplasm (all living parts of the cell)

Support

Protection

Question 4

Middle lamella purpose

Answer 4

Attaches cells together

Question 5

Primary cell wall

Flexibility?

Made of?

Answer 5

Flexible

Made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, glycoprotein

Question 6

Secondary cell wall purpose

Strength? Thickness? Made of?

Answer 6

Very strong

Thickness varies

Cellulose

Question 7

Plasmodesmata purpose

Answer 7

Opening between cells where cell wall is not created

Chemical communication

Question 8

Plasma Membrane location?

Answer 8

Lines cell wall

Question 9

Protoplasm location

Answer 9

All areas within plasma membrane

Question 10

Nucleus is bound by?

Consists of?

What does nucleolus hold?

Answer 10

Bound by nuclear envelope

DNA

Nucleolus-RNA

Question 11

Cytoplasm location?

Includes?

Answer 11

All the “stuff between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Cytosol and Organelles

Question 12

Cytosol =

Answer 12

“Liquid” part of the cytoplasm

Question 13

Organelles =

Answer 13

“Solid” parts of the cytoplasm

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum purpose

Answer 14

Makes membranes

Fine-tunes proteins

Question 15

Ribosomes purpose

Answer 15

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Golgi aparratus purpose

Answer 16

Protein packaging for export

Question 17

Microbodies =

2 types of microbodies?

Answer 17

Spherical organelles

Peroxisome

Glyoxisome

Question 18

Peroxisome purpose

Answer 18

Handles toxic by-products

Question 19

Glyoxisome

Answer 19

Converts fats into usable sugars

Question 20

Vacuole location?

Purpose?

Answer 20

Big sac in the middle of the cell

Storage for water, sugar, proteins, salts, metabolic wastes, organic acid

Color*- petals “Cell sap” - Fluid inside vacuole

Question 21

Cytoskeleton is made up of

Answer 21

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Question 22

Microfilaments purpose

Answer 22

Move molecules + macromolecules inside the cells

Question 23

Microtubules purpose

Answer 23

involved in mitosis + meiosis

Question 24

Mitochondrion purpose

Membrane type?

DNA type

Answer 24

Powerhouse of the cell

Accesses stored energy: glucose

Double Membrane

MtDNA - circular shaped, not double helix

Question 25

Plastids purpose

4 types of plastids?

Answer 25

Usually create carbohydrates

Proplastids Chromoplast Leucoplasts Chloroplasts

Question 26

Proplastids purpose

Answer 26

Generic plastid Early in age

Hasn’t gotten its assignment

Question 27

Chromoplast purpose

Answer 27

Creates carotenoid pigments

Question 28

2 types of Leucoplasts

Answer 28

Amyloplasts

Elaioplasts

Question 29

Amyloplasts purpose

Answer 29

Create starches

Question 30

Elaioplasts purpose

Answer 30

Create oils

Question 31

Chloroplasts purpose

Membrane type?

DNA type?

Chloroplast structures?

Answer 31

Create glucose

Green pigment - Chlorophyll

Double membrane

cpDNA

Stroma Grana Thylakoid membranes Thylakoid space

Question 32

Stroma =

Answer 32

Empty spaces inside chloroplast

Question 33

Grana =

Answer 33

Stacks of disks (thylakoids)

Question 34

Thylakoid membrane =

Answer 34

Structure of the grana

Question 35

Thylakoid space =

Answer 35

Inside grana

Question 36

3 Typical layers of cell wall

Answer 36

Middle lamella

Primary cell wall

Secondary cell wall

Question 37

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 37

C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 6CO₂+6H₂O+energy

Question 38

What is middle lamella made of?

Answer 38

Pectin