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Botany Lecture Unit 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Plant tissues are created by ___

A

meristems

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2
Q

2 types of meristems

A

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

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3
Q

Apical meristem

location? purpose?

A

Tips of roots and shoots

Lengthening

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4
Q

Lateral meristem purpose

A

Widening

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5
Q

2 types of lateral meristems

A

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

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6
Q

Vascular cambium purpose

A

Vascular tissues and support

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7
Q

Cork cambium purpose
Only found in __ plants
Makes ___ - protection and vascular tissues

A

Woody plants only

Makes bark - protection and vascular tissues

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8
Q

Simple tissues

A

1 cell type

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9
Q

Parenchyma characteristics

How many sides? shape? alive/dead at maturity? lifespan?

A 
Regular plant cell
Approximately 14 sides
Spherical
Alive at maturity, long lived
Can do mitosis
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10
Q

3 specialized types of parenchyma

A

Aerenchyma
Chlorenchyma
Storage parenchyma

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11
Q

Aerenchyma purpose

A

Air space / hold gas

Help aquatic plants float

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12
Q

Chlorenchyma purpose

A

Photosynthetic tissue

Chloroplasts

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13
Q

Storage parenchyma purpose

A

Storage

Empty space

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14
Q

Collenchyma characteristics

Thickness? shape? purpose? example?

A

Thicker but UNEVEN cell walls
Long
Support and flexibility
ex. Celery strings

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15
Q

Where is collenchyma located?

A

Under epidermis

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16
Q

Is collenchyma alive or dead at maturity?

A

Alive

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17
Q

Sclerenchyma characteristics
Cell wall thickness?
Purpose?

A

Very thick cell walls

Support and protection

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18
Q

Is sclerenchyma alive or dead at maturity?

A

Dead

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19
Q

2 types of sclerenchyma?

A

Sclereids

Fibers

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20
Q

Sclereids characteristics

Cell name? Shape?

A

Stone cells

Spherical + hollow space

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21
Q

Fibers characteristics

Cell shape? Strength?

A

Long, thin cells
Tough
ex. Cotton textiles

22
Q

Complex tissue definition

A

More than 1 cell type

23
Q

5 complex tissue types

A 
Xylem
Phloem
Epidermis
Periderm
Secretory tissues
24
Q

Xylem purpose

A

Move water “up”

25
Q

3 types of xylem

A

Vessel element
Tracheids
Ray cells

26
Q

Vessel element characteristics

Plate type? Reinforcement type?

A

Perforated plates

Spirally reinforced

27
Q

Are vessel elements alive or dead at maturity?

A

Dead

28
Q

Tracheids characteristics
__ than vessel element
Are __ at each end
What replaces secondary wall? purpose?

A

Narrower than vessel element
Tapered at each end
Pits - no secondary wall
Pits act ass passage way between cells

29
Q

___ are repaired by torus

A

Tracheids

30
Q

Tracheids are alive or dead at maturity?

A

Dead

31
Q

Ray cell purpose

A

Lateral movement of water

32
Q

Are ray cells alive or dead at maturity

A

Alive

33
Q

Phloem purpose

A

Conduct carbohydrates down

34
Q

2 types of phloem

A

Sieve tube members

Companion cells

35
Q 
Sieve tube members
Purpose? 
\_\_\_ \_\_\_ at the end of these cells
Clotting via \_\_\_
Organelles?
A

Conduct water and glucose from leaves to roots
Sieve plates at the end of cells
Clotting via calloses
Lack organelles/structures to sustain life

36
Q

Are sieve tube members alive or dead at maturity?

A

Alive

37
Q

Companion cell purpose?

Alive or dead at maturity?

A

Life’s processes for sieve tube members need to stay alive

Alive

38
Q

Epidermis characteristics
How many cells thick?
Covered in __
Purpose?

A

Usually 1 cell thick
Covered in cutin (a fat that forms cuticle)
Gas exchange

39
Q

2 things epidermis may have

A

Root hairs

Trichomes

40
Q

Epidermis

Root hair purpose

A

Increase surface area

41
Q

Epidermis

Trichome purpose

A

Protection from pests and shade (overheating)

42
Q

Epidermis cutin/cuticle purpose

A

Protection from pathogens

Waterproofing

43
Q

How does plenty of water affect guard cells?

A

Swollen guard cells

44
Q

Plenty of water causes ___ to open and allows for gas exchange inside

A

Stoma

45
Q

Periderm replaces ___ in woody stems

A

Epidermis

46
Q

Periderm cells are covered in ___ on the outside of the cells.

Purpose?

A

Covered in suberin (fatty substance) on the outside of cells

Reduces water loss

47
Q

2 things periderm protects against?

A

Freezing

Injury

48
Q

Periderm

Lenticels purpose

A

Parenchyma that gives access to air

49
Q

Secretory tissue is ___ parenchyma

A

Modified parenchyma

50
Q

Secretory tissue secretions

A 
Resins
Latex
Sticky mucilage
Nectar
Scents
Oils

Botany Lecture Unit 1 (10 decks)

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