Tissues Flashcards
Plant tissues are created by ___
meristems
2 types of meristems
Apical meristem
Lateral meristem
Apical meristem
location? purpose?
Tips of roots and shoots
Lengthening
Lateral meristem purpose
Widening
2 types of lateral meristems
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Vascular cambium purpose
Vascular tissues and support
Cork cambium purpose
Only found in __ plants
Makes ___ - protection and vascular tissues
Woody plants only
Makes bark - protection and vascular tissues
Simple tissues
1 cell type
Parenchyma characteristics
How many sides? shape? alive/dead at maturity? lifespan?
Regular plant cell Approximately 14 sides Spherical Alive at maturity, long lived Can do mitosis
3 specialized types of parenchyma
Aerenchyma
Chlorenchyma
Storage parenchyma
Aerenchyma purpose
Air space / hold gas
Help aquatic plants float
Chlorenchyma purpose
Photosynthetic tissue
Chloroplasts
Storage parenchyma purpose
Storage
Empty space
Collenchyma characteristics
Thickness? shape? purpose? example?
Thicker but UNEVEN cell walls
Long
Support and flexibility
ex. Celery strings
Where is collenchyma located?
Under epidermis
Is collenchyma alive or dead at maturity?
Alive
Sclerenchyma characteristics
Cell wall thickness?
Purpose?
Very thick cell walls
Support and protection
Is sclerenchyma alive or dead at maturity?
Dead
2 types of sclerenchyma?
Sclereids
Fibers
Sclereids characteristics
Cell name? Shape?
Stone cells
Spherical + hollow space
Fibers characteristics
Cell shape? Strength?
Long, thin cells
Tough
ex. Cotton textiles
Complex tissue definition
More than 1 cell type
5 complex tissue types
Xylem Phloem Epidermis Periderm Secretory tissues
Xylem purpose
Move water “up”
3 types of xylem
Vessel element
Tracheids
Ray cells
Vessel element characteristics
Plate type? Reinforcement type?
Perforated plates
Spirally reinforced
Are vessel elements alive or dead at maturity?
Dead
Tracheids characteristics
__ than vessel element
Are __ at each end
What replaces secondary wall? purpose?
Narrower than vessel element
Tapered at each end
Pits - no secondary wall
Pits act ass passage way between cells
___ are repaired by torus
Tracheids
Tracheids are alive or dead at maturity?
Dead
Ray cell purpose
Lateral movement of water
Are ray cells alive or dead at maturity
Alive
Phloem purpose
Conduct carbohydrates down
2 types of phloem
Sieve tube members
Companion cells
Sieve tube members Purpose? \_\_\_ \_\_\_ at the end of these cells Clotting via \_\_\_ Organelles?
Conduct water and glucose from leaves to roots
Sieve plates at the end of cells
Clotting via calloses
Lack organelles/structures to sustain life
Are sieve tube members alive or dead at maturity?
Alive
Companion cell purpose?
Alive or dead at maturity?
Life’s processes for sieve tube members need to stay alive
Alive
Epidermis characteristics
How many cells thick?
Covered in __
Purpose?
Usually 1 cell thick
Covered in cutin (a fat that forms cuticle)
Gas exchange
2 things epidermis may have
Root hairs
Trichomes
Epidermis
Root hair purpose
Increase surface area
Epidermis
Trichome purpose
Protection from pests and shade (overheating)
Epidermis cutin/cuticle purpose
Protection from pathogens
Waterproofing
How does plenty of water affect guard cells?
Swollen guard cells
Plenty of water causes ___ to open and allows for gas exchange inside
Stoma
Periderm replaces ___ in woody stems
Epidermis
Periderm cells are covered in ___ on the outside of the cells.
Purpose?
Covered in suberin (fatty substance) on the outside of cells
Reduces water loss
2 things periderm protects against?
Freezing
Injury
Periderm
Lenticels purpose
Parenchyma that gives access to air
Secretory tissue is ___ parenchyma
Modified parenchyma
Secretory tissue secretions
Resins Latex Sticky mucilage Nectar Scents Oils
