Water and it's management

Question 1

Sanitation

Answer 1

The conditions necessary for health, such as providing clean drinking water and the safe disposal of sewage.

Question 2

Evaporation

Answer 2

The process in which liquid water turns into vapour

the opposite of condensation

Question 3

Condensation

Answer 3

The process in which water vapour turns into liquid water

the opposite of evaporation

Question 4

Precipitation

Answer 4

The process in which liquid water (as rain) or ice particles (as snow or hail) fall to the Earth due to gravity

Question 5

Transpiration

Answer 5

The movement of water up plants and it’s subsequent loss as water vapour from their leaves

Question 6

Surface run-off

Answer 6

The process by which water runs over the ground into rivers

Question 7

Interception

Answer 7

The process by which precipitation is stopped from reaching the ground surface by the presence of trees and other plants

Question 8

Groundwater flow

Answer 8

The process by which infiltrated water flows through rocks

Question 9

Through flow

Answer 9

The process by which infiltrated water flows through the soil

Question 10

Infiltration

Answer 10

The process by which water seeps into the ground

Question 11

What are the three categories of water usage?

Answer 11

• Domestic
• Industrial
• Agricultural

Question 12

What is the largest use of water in the ‘industrial world’?

Answer 12

The cooling process in the production of electricity

Question 13

What is water often described as?

Answer 13

Water is often described as the universal solvent

Question 14

What is the largest use of water in the ‘agricultural world’?

Answer 14

The largest use of water in agriculture is for irrigation

Question 15

What are two things farmers mainly need water for? (Think: Arable AND Pastoral)

Answer 15

Crop irrigation and domestic animal drinking

Question 16

Surface water

Answer 16

Water in lakes, rivers and swamps.

Question 17

Groundwater

Answer 17

Water in the soil, and in rocks under the surface of the ground.

Question 18

Aquifer

Answer 18

Water stored in porous rocks under the ground.

Question 19

Potable

Answer 19

Safe to drink.

Question 20

Desalination

Answer 20

The removal of salt from water.

Question 21

Reservoir

Answer 21

An artificial lake where water can be stored.

Question 22

Service reservoir

Answer 22

A type of reservoir where potable water is stored.

Question 23

Water tower

Answer 23

A type of reservoir where potable water is stored for immediate use.

Question 24

Cistern

Answer 24

A vessel in which water, usually potable, is stored, forming a type of covered reservoir.

Question 25

Well

Answer 25

A hole bored or dug into rock to reach water stored there.

Question 26

Artesian aquifer

Answer 26

An aquifer in which the water is under pressure.

Question 27

Distillation

Answer 27

The purification of a liquid by boiling a solution so that the liquid evaporates and can be collected when it condenses at a lower temperature.

Question 28

Reverse osmosis

Answer 28

The purification of water by pumping it at high pressure through a fine membrane.

Question 29

What are two types of porous rocks that store groundwater in aquifer’s?

Answer 29

Limestone and sandstone.

Question 30

Physical water scarcity

Answer 30

A situation in which there is simply not enough water for human needs.

For example: because of low rainfall and/or high levels of evaporation.

Question 31

Economic water scarcity

Answer 31

A situation in which there is enough water available but the money does not exist to extract and/or treat enough of it for human needs.

Question 32

Sewage

Answer 32

Waste matter that is carried away in sewers or drains from domestic (or industrial) establishments

Question 33

Pathogen

Answer 33

An organism, including bacteria and viruses, that can cause disease

Question 34

Vector

Answer 34

An organism that carries a disease-producing organism, such as the mosquito which carries the malarial parasite.

Question 35

Effluent

Answer 35

A discharge of liquid waste

Question 36

Chlorination

Answer 36

Adding chlorine-based substances to water