Water and Inorganic Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

why is water dipolar?

A

it has an unevenly distributed charge due to the oxygen being slightly negative and the hydrogen being slightly positive

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2
Q

what bonds form between the water molecules between the H and the O?

A

hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

how is water a metabolite?

A

It’s used in many reactions
-approximately 90% of the plasma in the blood is water
-cytoplasm in cells is mainly water too

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4
Q

how is water a good solvent?

A

polar molecules dissolve in water because it’s dipolar, they’re hydrophilic
- positive hydrogen atoms attract negative solutes
- negative oxygen atoms attract positive solutes

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5
Q

what does it mean when water has a high specific heat capacity?

A

a lot of energy is required to raise the temperature of water by breaking the H bonds
- temperature of water remains stable for enzymes to work optimally

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6
Q

what does it mean when water has a large latent heat of vaporisation?

A

a lot of energy is required to convert water into a gas
- heat energy from the skin is transferred to the water to evaporate it
- provides a cooling effect (eg. sweating)
- due to H bonds needing to be broken

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7
Q

why is the fact that water is cohesive and advantage?

A

water molecules stick together to produce a continuous column of water up the xylem
-easier to draw up a column rather than individual molecules
provides surface tension to water
-allows smaller animals to move and live on the surface away from predators

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8
Q

what bonds form between the O and H within a water molecule?

A

covalent

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9
Q

where do inorganic ions occur in an organism?

A

the cytoplasm

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10
Q

what is ATP composed of?

A

3 phosphate ions, a ribose molecule and an adenine molecule

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11
Q

why is ATP a good source of energy?

A
  • releases energy in small manageable amounts so none is wasted
  • small and soluble so can be easily transported around the cytoplasm
  • only 1 bond is broken to release energy immediately
  • energy can be transferred to another molecule by transferring a Pi group (phosphorylation - making other compounds more reactive)
  • can’t pass out the cell so the cell always has a supply of energy
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12
Q

why is the phosphate group described as inorganic?

A

because it doesn’t contain carbon

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13
Q

how is ATP made?

A
  • in respiration
  • from ADP by adding a Pi via a condensation reaction using ATP synthase
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14
Q

how is ATP hydrolysed?

A

by removing water using the enzyme ATP hydrolase

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