Water and fat soluble hormones Flashcards
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger that regulates activities in target cells, i.e. cells that possess receptors that the hormone can bind to
How do target cells respond to hormones?
Hormones bind to receptors found either on or within the cell in order to elicit a response within the cell.
Water soluble hormones _____ cross cell membranes, so act on receptors that are on the _____ _____ _____
Cannot
Cell surface membrane
When water soluble hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, a series of _____ _____ occur which results in _____ of a signal, leading to response from the target cell.
Intracellular events
Amplification
Water soluble hormones can be _____ transported in blood.
Freely
Lipid soluble hormones can _____ the cell and through action of binding to a _____ in the cells cytoplasm and creating a _____-_____ _____ can bind to DNA and influence transcription of specific genes, causes the synthesis of specific proteins.
Enter
Receptor
Hormone-receptor complex
Lipid soluble hormones circulate in blood _____ to _____. These can either be specific or non-specific.
Bound
Proteins
What are specific proteins called that hormones bind to?
Globulins
What are non-specific proteins that hormones bind to?
Albumins
What type of molecule is ADH?
Peptide
Where is ADH produced?
Hypothalamus
Where do ADH act?
DT and CD of kidneys
Is ADH water or lipid soluble?
Water
What type of molecules is aldosterone?
Mineralcorticoid
Where is aldosterone produced?
Zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex
Where does aldosterone act?
DT and CD of kidneys
Is aldosterone lipid or water soluble?
Lipid
What biochemical class is angiotensin II?
Peptide
Where is angiotensin II produced?
Plasma
Where does angiotensin II act?
Blood vessels and in the PT of the kidney
Is angiotensin II water or lipid soluble?
Water
What biochemical class is renin?
Protein (enzyme)
Where is renin produced?
Juxtoglomerular cells in the kidney
Where does renin act?
Plasma to convert angiotensinogen to angtiotensin I
Is renin water or fat soluble?
Water
What biochemical class is erythropoietin?
Glycoprotein
Where is EPO produced?
Interstitial cells in the renal cortex
Where does EPO act?
Bone marrow
Is EPO lipid or water soluble?
Water
What biochemical class are norepinepherine and epinepherine are from?
Catecholamines
Where are norepinepherine and epinerpherine produced?
Adrenal cortex, zona fasiculata
Where do norepinpherine and epinepherine act?
Many different tissue
Are epinepherine and norepinepherine water or lipid soluble?
Water
What biochemical class does endothelin belong to?
Peptide
Where is endothelin produced?
Endothelium of blood vessels
Where does endothelin act?
Blood vessels?
Is endothelin water or lipid soluble?
Water
