Development of the urinary system Flashcards
The _____ is an outgrowth of the hindgut.
Allantois
The ____ divides the root of gut to become the _____ and _____.
urogenital septum
hindgut
bladder
Name the three divisions of the mesoderm are:
Paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm
The ____ forms most of the urinary system.
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm is made up of ____ and ____
Somatic mesoderm, visceral and splanchnic mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm forms which three parts of the urogenital system?
Nephros (kidney precursors), urinary ducts, sex cords of the gonads
What was the evolutionary precursor to the renal system?
Flame cells
Flame cells propelled ____ down into the coelomic cavity
Excretory products
What are the three precursors to the kidney?
Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
Put these kidney precursors in order:
mesonephros, pronephros, metanephros
Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
As the different precursors of the renal system develop, the predecessors ____
Regress
What does the mesonephros become?
Gonads
What do the mesonephric ducts become?
Part of the gonads and the adrenal cortex
What does the metanephros become?
Definitive kidney in mammals, reptiles and birds
What do the metanephric ducts become?
Ureters, pelvis of kidney and collecting ducts
The kidney precursors are all ____ and are ____ in structure and blood supply
Paired
Segmental
The more advanced the animal, the more ____ the kidneys
Caudal
The blood supply to the metanephros comes from the ____
Dorsal aorta
____ stimulates the formation of nephric tubules
Blood flow
Nephric tubules are formed from ____
Intermediate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm projects into the coelomic cavity to form bilateral ____ in the thoracic/lumbar region
Urogential ridges`
Nephric tubules are ____ within the pronephros and mesonephros
Segmental
The urinary ducts form as holes within the ____ that join together to form a complete tube
Mesoderm
Urinary ducts drain the ____ as the paired pronephric/mesnephric ducts
Nephric tubules
In fish and amphibians, the ____ replaces the ____
Metanephros
Pronephros
The mesonephros has both ____ and ____ elements in fish and amphibians. The caudal regions tends to be the true ____, and the and the cranial region tends to be the ____ region with some adrenal cortex
Reproductive
Excretory
Kidney
Gonad region
Fish and amphibians have no ____
Metanephros
In reptiles, birds and mammals, the ____ completely atrophies.
Pronephros
The ____ regresses to form the gonads and adrenal cortex in mammals, birds and reptiles.
Mesonephros
The ____ becomes the functional kidney in mammals, birds and reptiles.
Metanephros
The mesonephros remains the largest in ____ embryos.
Pig
The metanephros develops from paired outgrowths of the _____ ducts.
Mesonephric
The metonephric ducts are also known as _____
Ureteric buds
The ____ is a distinct region, whereas the pronephros an mesonephros are joined, so are not distinct regions.
Metanephros
The metanephros is a seperate region of _____ that the metanephric ducts grow out to meet.
Mesoderm
What structure takes over from the mesonephros in mammals, reptiles and birds?
Metanephros
The invasion of the ureteric ducts, or _____ stimulates the formation of nephrons.
Metonephric ducts
In the kidneys, the mesoderm forms:
Bowman’s capsules, PCT, LOH and DCT
In the kidneys, the ureteric ducts form:
Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, ureter
The invasion of the ureteric ducts stimulates the mesoderm to form the ____, _____, and _____
Bowman’s capsules, renal tubules and loops of Henle
What is the trigone of the bladder?
An area of mesoderm left by the migrating mesonephric ducts as the move caudally and ventrally to become the ductus deferens.
It is made up of the two ureters and the neck of the bladder.
What is the embryological origin of the trigone of the bladder formed from, and what is the embryological origin of the bladder proper?
Trigone: mesoderm
Bladder: endoderm
The mesonephric tubules and duct will gradually become the _____
Gonads
The _____ _____that generate the ova/sperm migrate from elsewhere to the gonads
Stem cells
The seminiferous tubules of the testis come from the _____ _____
Renal tubules
The ducts of the embryonic kidney will become the _____ _____ in the male
Ductus deferens
In males, the _____ _____ regresses
Paramesonephric duct
In females, the _____ and _____ regress.
Tubules, ducts
In females, the _____ _____ becomes the ovarian ducts and uterus
Paramesonephric duct
In both sexes, gonad supporting mesodermal cells arise from the regressing _____
Mesonephros
The adrenal glands are a from two different endocrine organs. The adrenal cortex originates from the regressing _____ _____, while the adrenal medulla is derived from the _____ _____ _____ that migrate to the centre of the adrenal cortex
Mesonephric tubules
Neural crest cells
What is an ectopic ureter?
One or both of the ureters enters the urethra/vagina downstream of the bladder sphincter.
