Water and Development

Question 1

1. Give four reasons why global water consumption has increased?

Answer 1

• NIC’s particularly in Asian countries have increased their water use as their industries are developing.
• Higher needs of people in HIC’s for showering, cooking, clothes washing.
• Increase in global population so more water needed to grow food.
• HIC’s using water in non essential ways (e.g swimming pools, golf courses.)

Question 2

2. In Sub-Saharan Africa who mostly collects water?

Answer 2

Women and Girls.

Question 3

3. What is a water footprint?

Answer 3

• Direct water use.

- Indirect water use.

Question 4

4. What is embedded water?

Answer 4

Water that is used to produce our food and goods.

Question 5

5. What is water security?

Answer 5

Amount of acceptably to clean water within a country to meet all of its needs.

Question 6

6. What is water scarcity?

Answer 6

When water is available however it is inaccessible or unusable.

Question 7

7. How do Dams and Reservoirs help us to manage water?

Answer 7

Collect water and manages its release it can also create hydroelectric power.

Question 8

8. Name one water transfer scheme you have studied.

Answer 8

Lesotho Highlands Water Project.

Question 9

9. Give 3 advantages of the water transfer scheme you have studied.

Answer 9

• Roads have been constructed.
• 1000 megawatts of electricity for Lesotho generated.
• 20,000 jobs were created.

Question 10

10. Give 3 disadvantages of the water transfer scheme you have studied.

Answer 10

• Farmland flooded to create reservoirs.
• Complaints over poor compensation given to land owners.
• workers moved to shanty towns on the construction sites (Alcoholism and HIV/AIDs became big problems.)

Question 11

11. What does a desalinisation plant do?

Answer 11

Removes salt from sea water.

Question 12

12. How do LIC’s abstract water from the ground?

Answer 12

• Wells.

- Water Pumps.

Question 13

13. Give 2 ways individuals and companies can conserve water

Answer 13

• Thames water provides shower save and a water efficient shower head.
• You can use grey water on gardens.

Question 14

14. What NGO (Non-Governmental organisation) helps the people of Malawi manage their water supply?

Answer 14

WaterAid.

Question 15

15. What type of development approach does this NGO do?

Answer 15

Bottom up development approach.

Question 16

16. How is the Mekong River in Vietnam managed politically to ensure water supply to its surrounding countries?

Answer 16

The countries along the Mekong river work together by discussions, and building dams collaboratively with China.

Question 17

17. What are aquifers?

Answer 17

Rocks in the ground that are capable of holding large quantities of water.

Question 18

18. What is recharge?

Answer 18

Water that enters an aquifer and refills a groundwater store.

Question 19

19. Why is so much water abstracted in India?

Answer 19

• Seasonal rainfall pattern means that states in the NW (e.g Gujarat have a long dry season so surface stores can be dry for months.)
• Groundwater is considered cleaner than surface stores that are polluted by human waste.
• Government has encouraged farmers to grow more food these crops require more water.
• Aquifers are not fully recharged as the monsoon season is unpredictable.
• Farmers drilling deep wells to install pumps to abstract water.