The great green wall of Africa, small scale ecosystem sand dune Ynyslas, Environment used for energy production Gwynt Y Mor offshore wind farm.

Question 1

1. What is the Great Green Wall of Africa?

Answer 1

A plan between 11 countries to plant trees 15km wide and 8000km long across the width of Africa.

Question 2

2. What are the 4 aims of the Great Green Wall agreement?

Answer 2

• Local communities to plant native trees and bushes.
• To prevent desertification and soil erosion.
• Protect water sources such as Lake Chad.
• Restore and create habitats for plants and animals.

Question 3

3. When was the agreement for the Great Green Wall signed?

Answer 3

2010.

Question 4

4. What two countries have made good progress with the Great Green Wall project?

Answer 4

• Niger.

- Senegal.

Question 5

5. Give 3 ways these countries have benefitted from the Great Green Wall project.

Answer 5

• Increased crop yields.
• Better fed livestock.
• Trees provide medicines and firewood.

Question 6

6. Why has the progress with this project been slow in the other countries that signed the agreement

Answer 6

Some local communities feel as though they have not been involved in the decision making as it is seen as top down development.
They cannot imagine how their community might benefit.

Question 7

7. What are sand dunes?

Answer 7

Accumulations of sand stabilised by vegetation.

Question 8

8. What two things do sand dunes need to develop?

Answer 8

• Source of sand.

- Prevailing wind.

Question 9

9. The grains of sand can be stopped when they hit an object such as..

Answer 9

Seaweed or lump of driftwood.

Question 10

10. What is an embryo dune?

Answer 10

The youngest dune at the front of the dunes nearest the sea.

Question 11

11. An embryo dune is characterised by pioneer plant species. Give an example.

Answer 11

Sand Rocket.

Question 12

12. What are fore dunes?

Answer 12

Older and higher dunes they are also known as yellow dunes or mobile dunes.

Question 13

13. What species of plants dominate for dunes?

Answer 13

Marrram Grass.

Question 14

14. Where are fixed or grey dunes found?

Answer 14

Found further inland where conditions for plant growth imporve.

Question 15

15. Why do fixed or grey dunes stop growing?

Answer 15

Because they lack wind-blown sand.

Question 16

16. The climax community of the sand dune is dominated by what species of plants.

Answer 16

• Heathers.
• Burch.
• Oak.

Question 17

17. What 3 services do sand dunes provide?

Answer 17

• Tourism opportunities e.g Ynyslas.
• Natural coastal defence.
• Providing sand for building.

Question 18

18. What are renewable resources?

Answer 18

Resources which are never ending or replenish quickly.
E.g:
- Solar.
- Wind.
- Water.
- Geothermal.

Question 19

19. What are non renewable resources?

Answer 19

Considered finte.
E.g:
- Fossil Fuels (Oil, Coal, Gasses.)
- Nuclear.

Question 20

20. When did Gwynt Y Mor offshore wind farm open?

Answer 20

July 2015.

Question 21

21. Where is Gwynt Y Mor offshore wind farm?

Answer 21

13km off the coast of North Wales.

Question 22

22. Give 2 positives of the Gwynt Y Mor offshore wind farm.

Answer 22

• Will supply 400,000 homes with electricity.

- Job creation.

Question 23

23. Give 2 reasons why people object to the Gwynt Y Mor offshore wind farm.

Answer 23

• Migrating birds will collide with the wind turbines.

- Beauty of Welsh coastline ruined therefore tourism industry may decline.