water and ATP Flashcards
why is water a good metabolite?
allows reactions to occur, including condensation, hydrolysis and photosynthesis
what is adhesion
water binding to other non water molecules
what enzyme catalyses the formation of ATP
ATp synthase
Name another use of the phosphate if not to synthesise ATP from ADP
can make other metabolitesmore reactive by phosphorylating them, lowering the Ea for their reaction
what enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP
ATP hydrolyase
how much energy does ATP release
in small, manageable amounts
Why does water having a high specific heat capacity a good thing?
buffer changes in temperature
e.g. lakes, making them more habitable and the water in organisms buffering internal temperature changes
what is the advantage in regards to making and breaking ATP?
can be easily synthesised and hydrolysed realising energy quickly
why does ATp being stable make it a good energy source?
only gets broken down when needed to so little energy lost
what is ATP made up of?
Ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups
write the equation for the formation of ATP
ADP + Pi –> ATP
what bond allows water molecules to cohesively bind to other water molecules?
hydrogen bonds
Can ATP leave cells
NO
why is water a good solvent?
Allows metabolic reactions to occur
transports metabolites in blood between cells
Why is ATP being soluble a good thing
can be easily transported around CELLS
How is water being able to adhesively bind to other molecules a good thing?
Allows adhesion to the xylem walls, supporting a continuous column of water in plants
why is water having a high latent heat vaporisation a good thing?
cooling effect through evaporation (sweating and transpiration)
why is water being cohesive a good thing?
Supports columns of water - transpiration stream in xylem
produces surface tension at air water interface - allows animals to move over surface of water
Describe how an ATP molecule is formed from its component molecules
condensation reaction
by ATP synthesis
from phosphate, ribose sugar and adenine base
Give 2 ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells
provides energy for other reactions to occur
Add phosphate to other substance
makes them more reactive and changes their shape
(b) ATP is an energy source used in many cell processes. Give two ways in which ATP is a suitable energy source for cells to use.
- Releases relatively small amount of energy / little energy lost as heat;
Key concept is that little danger of thermal death of cells
2. Releases energy instantaneously;
Key concept is that energy is readily available
3. Phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive;
4. Can be rapidly re-synthesised;
5. Is not lost from / does not leave cells.
ATP is useful in many biological processes. Explain why.
- Releases energy in small / manageable amounts;
1. Accept less than glucose
2. (Broken down) in a one step / single bond broken immediate energy compound / makes energy available rapidly;
2. Accept easily broken down
3. Phosphorylates / adds phosphate makes (phosphorylated substances) more reactive / lowers activation energy;
3. Do not accept phosphorus or P on its own
4. Reformed / made again; - Must relate to regeneration