water and ATP

Question 1

why is water a good metabolite?

Answer 1

allows reactions to occur, including condensation, hydrolysis and photosynthesis

Question 2

what is adhesion

Answer 2

water binding to other non water molecules

Question 3

what enzyme catalyses the formation of ATP

Answer 3

ATp synthase

Question 4

Name another use of the phosphate if not to synthesise ATP from ADP

Answer 4

can make other metabolitesmore reactive by phosphorylating them, lowering the Ea for their reaction

Question 5

what enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP

Answer 5

ATP hydrolyase

Question 6

how much energy does ATP release

Answer 6

in small, manageable amounts

Question 7

Why does water having a high specific heat capacity a good thing?

Answer 7

buffer changes in temperature
e.g. lakes, making them more habitable and the water in organisms buffering internal temperature changes

Question 8

what is the advantage in regards to making and breaking ATP?

Answer 8

can be easily synthesised and hydrolysed realising energy quickly

Question 9

why does ATp being stable make it a good energy source?

Answer 9

only gets broken down when needed to so little energy lost

Question 10

what is ATP made up of?

Answer 10

Ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups

Question 11

write the equation for the formation of ATP

Answer 11

ADP + Pi –> ATP

Question 12

what bond allows water molecules to cohesively bind to other water molecules?

Answer 12

hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Can ATP leave cells

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

why is water a good solvent?

Answer 14

Allows metabolic reactions to occur
transports metabolites in blood between cells

Question 15

Why is ATP being soluble a good thing

Answer 15

can be easily transported around CELLS

Question 16

How is water being able to adhesively bind to other molecules a good thing?

Answer 16

Allows adhesion to the xylem walls, supporting a continuous column of water in plants

Question 17

why is water having a high latent heat vaporisation a good thing?

Answer 17

cooling effect through evaporation (sweating and transpiration)

Question 18

why is water being cohesive a good thing?

Answer 18

Supports columns of water - transpiration stream in xylem
produces surface tension at air water interface - allows animals to move over surface of water

Question 19

Describe how an ATP molecule is formed from its component molecules

Answer 19

condensation reaction
by ATP synthesis
from phosphate, ribose sugar and adenine base

Question 20

Give 2 ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells

Answer 20

provides energy for other reactions to occur
Add phosphate to other substance
makes them more reactive and changes their shape

Question 21

(b) ATP is an energy source used in many cell processes. Give two ways in which ATP is a suitable energy source for cells to use.

Answer 21

1. Releases relatively small amount of energy / little energy lost as heat;
   Key concept is that little danger of thermal death of cells
   2. Releases energy instantaneously;
   Key concept is that energy is readily available
   3. Phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive;
   4. Can be rapidly re-synthesised;
   5. Is not lost from / does not leave cells.

Question 22

ATP is useful in many biological processes. Explain why.

Answer 22

1. Releases energy in small / manageable amounts;
   1. Accept less than glucose
   2. (Broken down) in a one step / single bond broken immediate energy compound / makes energy available rapidly;
   2. Accept easily broken down
   3. Phosphorylates / adds phosphate makes (phosphorylated substances) more reactive / lowers activation energy;
   3. Do not accept phosphorus or P on its own
   4. Reformed / made again;
2. Must relate to regeneration