Water, Acids & Bases

Question 1

What percentage of body water contributes to our weight?

Answer 1

60% of our weight.

Question 2

How much L of “Water”, Fluid do we have in the body? (include blood)

Answer 2

25 L is Intracellular Fluid
15 L is Extracellular Fluid
10 L Interstitial
5 L Blood

Question 3

In a hydrogen bond, what partial charge do oxygen and hydrogen become?

Answer 3

Electrons are more attracted to the oxygen molecule. Which gives the Hydrogen a partial positive charge and the oxygen a partial negative charge.

Question 4

How does the polarity of water affect what can and can’t dissolve into it?

Answer 4

The polarity of water allows polar molecules to dissolve

Question 5

Describe how hydration shells work in relation to Na+ and Cl-?

Answer 5

Na+ since it has a positive charge, the oxygen surrounds it since it has a partial negative charge
Cl- since it has a negative charge, the hydrogen surrounds it since it has a partial positive charge.

Question 6

What is pH a measure of?

Answer 6

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 7

​Describe how acids and bases work (Which donates and accepts what)?

Answer 7

Acids donate H+ to a solution, while bases accept and H+

Question 8

What are the difference b/w weak and strong acids when dissociating?

Answer 8

Strong acids dissociate completely, while weak acids dissociate only to a limited extent in water

Question 9

What are buffers?

Answer 9

Buffers are combinations of weak acids and their conjugate bases

Question 10

How do buffers work?

Answer 10

Buffers resist changes to the pH by donating or accepting H+

Question 11

When are buffers most effective?

Answer 11

Buffers are most effective when pH=pKa because equal amounts of both acid and base are present.

Question 12

Where is dihydrogen phosphate-hydrogen phosphate system active?

Answer 12

Dihydrogen phosphate-hydrogen phosphate system is active in cells

Question 13

Where is carbonic acid bicarbonate system active?

Answer 13

carbonic acid bicarbonate system is active in blood

Question 14

What happens when not enough albumen (protein) is produced?

Answer 14

With not enough albumen being produced, the fluid is pushed out but no pull back so you get edema (swelling)

Question 15

In what means does our body produce large quantities of acid?

Answer 15

Metabolism produce large quantities of acid

Question 16

When do buffers work the best?

Answer 16

Buffers work best at the pH at which they are 50% dissociated

Question 17

What happens when you have a lack of solutes in the blood? (Happens due to malnutrition or liver damage)

Answer 17

Edema or swelling

Question 18

How does releasing CO2 maintain pH levels in the body?

Answer 18

releasing CO2 from the body reduces acidity and increases pH

Question 19

Describe the pressure at the arterial end and venous end and how it affects substances?

Answer 19

There is more pressure in the arterial end, hence more fluid is pushed out. There is less pressure in the venous end so it pulls it back.