Acidosis & Alkalosis Flashcards
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35-7.45
What is the pH range of someone who is acidotic?
<7.35
What is the pH range of someone who is alkalotic?
> 7.45
If it has to do with lung function, ventilation, diffusion and breathing rate is it respiratory or metabolic?
Respiratory
Why would someone exhale too much CO2?
Hyperventilation can occur when someone panics or is afraid
What do you do about someone who is hyperventilating and exhaling a lot of CO2?
Breath into a paper bag
What happens during COPD or emphysema?
Bronchial walls weaken
During exhalation in COPD or emphysema what happens?
Bronchioles collapse and air is trapped in the alveoli
How do you help people with COPD or emphysema in this case?
Pursed lip breathing helps keep the alveoli open during exhalation
What are some causes of CO2 being retained in the bloodstream?
CNS depression leading to respiratory depression. Also too many narcotics.
When it has to do with bicarbonate (HCO3) is it metabolic or respiratory?
Metabolic
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting or taking antacids
What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?
Kidney failure, high blood sugar, prolonged diarrhea and state of shock
If the lungs cause the CO2 to be low what would happen?
A compensatory response kicks in and the kidney balances out the pH.
How long does it take to get compensation in the kidney for HCO3?
8-24 hours
