Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that make a chemical reaction go faster. They are specific for various substrates.
What is the suffix for an enzyme?
ase
How does an enzyme increase the rate of reaction?
By lowering the activation energy
What happens to an enzymatic reaction if someone has zinc deficiency?
Zinc is a cofactor and an enzyme can not work without the cofactor
What is the function of histidine in an enzyme active site?
Zinc is held in place by binding to three histidine
How does zinc act as a cofactor?
The positive charge zinc attracts electrons from water, making it easier for one of the H’s to be removed and the reaction to proceed.
What is an enzyme cofactor?
They help to lower the energy required to cause the reaction.
What are coenzymes?
Not proteins, usually synthesized from vitamins and they help to catalyze a reaction.
How does temperature and concentration affect the rate of reaction of an enzyme?
Increase in temp and concentration increases the rate of reaction.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
A molecule with a similar shape to a substrate to bind in the active site causing the reaction to not occur.
What is a reversible and irrevisible inhibitor?
Reversible inhibitors only inhibit when they are bound and can be displaced by increasing the concentration.
Irreversible inhibitors do not detach and shut down enzyme action permanently
What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
Allosteric binds to apart of an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the enzyme.
What are cytochrome P450 enzymes?
Enzymes important in drug metabolism.
How does grapefruit affect drug metabolism?
it interferes with drug metabolism
