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Biology H > Water, Acids, and Bases > Flashcards

Water, Acids, and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

what percent of earths water is salt water in our oceans?

A

97%

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1
Q

what does a covalent bond mean?

A

they share electrons

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2
Q

what does polar mean?

A

part of the molecule has a partial negative charge while the other has a partial positive charge.

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3
Q

what atom in H2O has a negative charge? which one has a positive charge?

A

oxygen is negative and hydrogen is positive.

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4
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

the positive hydrogen is attracted to the negative oxygen and forms a bond not as strong as a covalent or ionic bond but sometimes turns into one.

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5
Q

what is cohesion?

A

the H2O molecules stick together because of hydrogen bonds and this causes surface tension, raindrops, and water to be a liquid at room temp.

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6
Q

what is adhesion?

A

when molecules stick to other molecules

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7
Q

is ice more or less dense than water?

A

less

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8
Q

what is a solution?

A

a homogeneous mixture aka a mixture with evenly distributed molecules

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9
Q

what is a solvent?

A

the substance that makes up most of the solution

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10
Q

what is a solute?

A

the substance that makes up less of the solution

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11
Q

what is an aqueous solution?

A

a solution where the solvent is water

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12
Q

how many protons and electrons does hydrogen have?

A

one of each

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13
Q

what is hydronium?

A

H3O+ or H+

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14
Q

what is hydroxide?

A

HO-

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15
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium?

A

individual molecules change, but on average the mixture stays the same.

16
Q

what is an acid?

A

more H3O+ and a lower pH than 7

17
Q

what is a base?

A

less H3O+ and higher pH than 7

18
Q

pH is a logarithmic scale, what does that mean?

A

pH of 5 is 10x more acidic than a pH of 6

19
Q

the internal pH of most living cells is?

A

7 but there are exceptions

20
Q

what are buffers?

A

substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH– in a solution.

Biology H (4 decks)

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