Enzyme and Digestion Flashcards
what is a catalyst?
anything that speeds up chemical reactions but is not used up in the reaction
what are enzymes made of?
amino acids bc they r proteins
substrates are..
reactants
where do the substrates bind?
active site
what are coenzymes and cofactors
smaller molecules that activate some enzymes so they work
What do inhibitors do?
stop enzymes from working
whats the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
competitive inhibitors bind in the active site so the substrate cannot, noncompetitive inhibitors bind elsewhere
what denatures enzymes?
big pH or temperature change
what happens when an enzyme is heated?
if only a little it works faster too much and it becomes denatured forever
what happens when an enzyme is cooled
it will temporarily stop working but usually will work again after being warmed up
what are the four types of macromolecules(polymers) that living things need to survive?
carbs made of monosaccharides, lipids made of fatty acids, proteins made of amino acids, nucleic acids made of nucleotides
what does the mouth do?
mechanical digestion(chewing) chemical digestion with the enzyme amylase from saliva (breaks down starch
what keeps food from going into your lungs?
epiglottis
what is food called once it is in the stomach?
chyme
what is in gastric juice?
hydrochloric acid and pepsin(enzyme)
whats the pH of the stomach and how does it stay out of the rest of the body
pH of 2, mucus-producing cells
pepsin breaks down…
proteins
the stomach walls contract and relax to…
squeeze foods
why is the small intestine called small?
narrower than the large intestine although it is much longer
what happens in the duodenum?
most of the digestion to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids
what does the liver secrete and what does it do?
bile, emulsifies fats
where do the digestive enzymes come from?
pancreas and duodenum
what does the jejunum and ileum do?
absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
what are villi?
finger-like things that stick out of the intestine walls to increase surface area
what does the large intestine absorb?
water and electrolytes(salts)
what does the gut microbiome do?
makes vitamins and minerals to be absorbed
what is peristalsis?
contracting and relaxing of muscles that move food through digestive system
where are sphincters and what do they do?
in between organs in digestive tract, open and close like valves to control the movement of chyme
