Water

Question 0

What is water stress and what proportion of people are in it?

Answer 0

Less than 1700mcubed of water/person/year

40% of people are in water stress

Question 1

Why is increasing demand occurring and why is it a problem?

Answer 1

Increased population growth and economic development leads to increased standard of living
Moving to a westernised culture when more than 300l is used per person per day

Question 2

UN estimates that dirty water causes

Answer 2

80% of disease in LEDCs and causes 10 million deaths each year

Question 3

Global water use has

Answer 3

Tripled between 1959-2000

Question 4

Where are the areas of convergence? And what does this lead to?

Answer 4

45° to 65°

Uplift and precipitation -> global surplus

Question 5

High relief promotes what?

Answer 5

Precipitation and river systems in many areas rely on snowmelt as a
Large input in the summer (eg Bangladesh)

Question 6

What percentage of Libya is Desert and what happened in 1969?

Answer 6

90%

Great Al-Fatah revolution and industrialisation followed

Question 7

Oil exploration lead to the discovery of what?

Answer 7

Fossil water that was over 40 000 years old!

Question 8

In California does precipitation fall in the north of the South and what percentage

Answer 8

75% falls in the north

Question 9

In California what does El Niño bring?

Answer 9

Above average rainfall and flooding in the SW

eg 2010

Question 10

What effect causes the south and the far East of California to receive under average precipitation

Answer 10

The rain shadow effect

S and far E recieve under 100mm rain due to this

Question 11

What proportion of California’s freshwater comes from aquifers?

Answer 11

1/3

Question 12

What percentage of fresh water on earth is easily accessible

Answer 12

1%

Question 13

Name two pressure points

Answer 13

Ganges-Brahmaputra basin
Colorado basin
Nile basin

Question 14

What percentage of UK households water could be reused

Answer 14

60%

Question 15

In the UK what uses the most water in a domestic setting

Answer 15

Showering and bathing

Question 16

What is the minimum volume of water needed to survive per person per day?

Answer 16

5l

Over half for drinking rest for preparing food

Question 17

What is the average water use per person per day in an LEDC vs an MEDC

Answer 17

Mozambique- 10 litres

USA- 400 litres

Question 18

Since 1960, water use for irrigation has risen by

Answer 18

60-70%

Question 19

What continents use most of their water on agriculture?

Answer 19

Africa and Asia use more than 85% of their water on agriculture

Question 20

How many people does the WHO estimate will die from waterborne diseases by 2020

Answer 20

135 million

Question 21

Tourist consumption in California

Answer 21

883 golf courses, 90 bill gallons of water each year

Question 22

Farmland irrigated by Colorado river?

Answer 22

1.4mill hectares

Question 23

Kenya flower facts

Answer 23

Vol of exports increased by 85% between 2001-2005

More than 88mill tonnes of cut flowers shipped each year

Question 24

Aral Sea has

Answer 24

Lost 80% of its volume
Leaving fishing industry dead
(Used to support 40 000 ppl)

Question 25

Ganges

Answer 25

• 350 human corpses placed there every day

- 70 times max safe level of chromium

Question 26

Coca cola

Answer 26

Rajasthan- 60m drop in groundwater level
Harvests shrunk by 40%

Now pledged to clean all waste water and recycle some for cleansing bottles&machinery

Question 27

China- economic growth

Answer 27

• Amount of water to generate $200 from farming can generate $14000 in industry
• 80% china’s rivers can nooner support fish
• yellow river only flows for 165days/year