Water

Question 1

Define harness in water

Answer 1

Hard water is water that will not easily form a lather with soap. Hardness in water is caused by 2Ca^2+ or Mg^2+ ions dissolved in water.

Question 2

Define temporary hardness in water

Answer 2

Temporary hardness is hardness that cannot be removed by boiling the water.

Question 3

Define permanent hardness in water

Answer 3

Permanent hardness is hardness which cannot be removed by boiling the water

Question 4

Identify the causes of temporary and permanent hardness in water

Answer 4

The Ca^2+ ions cause hardness.

Question 5

Explain how deionisation is achieved using an ion exchange resins

Answer 5

Deionised water is produced by passing ordinary water through water through a water deionsier that contains a mixture of cation (positively charged ion) exchange resin and anion (negatively charged ion) exchange resin. This mixture of commonly referred to as mixed-bed resin