Water Flashcards
Dipole Moment
Determined by the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them
Hydrogen Bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as in water) and a small electronegative atom (as in oxygen)
Hydrophilic Interactions
Charged and polar
Water can disrupt hydrogen bonds between sucrose molecules
Break into small pieces of the same molecule and not into ions
Hydrophobic Interactions
Uncharged and nonpolar
No free charge because the electrons are being shared equally
Amphipathic
Regions of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Amphipathic Interactions
The polar region forms hydrogen bonds with water while the nonpolar regions interact with each other
Structure of Triglycerides (Fats)
Glycerol (alcohol group), Ketone (fatty acid), Triglyceride (neutral fat), 3 water molecules
Surface Tension
Kinetic energy causes the water molecules to be in constant random motion
The air-water interface experiences sideward and downward intermolecular forces
Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules form a lattice of water molecules which creates high surface tension
Why does ice float on the surface?
Less density with much more distance than in liquid therefore less kinetic energy
Diffusion
Molecules or ions in solution go from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration
Osmosis
The process of water moving from a region of higher to lower concentration through a selectively water-permeable membrane
Ion Diffusion via Channels
Ions and water molecules are bouncing in random directions due to thermal kinetic energy