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BMS 300 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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2
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Continuous with ER

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3
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Allow selective transport, open to the cytosol

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4
Q

What can move through nuclear pores freely?

A

Ions and small molecules

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5
Q

What is regulated through nuclear pores?

A

Proteins and nucleic acids

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6
Q

DNA Organization

A

DNA -> Nucleosomes -> Chromatin -> Chromosomes

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7
Q

Euchromatin

A

Loose DNA is accessible

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8
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Compact DNA is inaccessible

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9
Q

How was it discovered nucleic acids weren’t proteins?

A

Unaffected by pepsin, which breaks down proteins

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10
Q

What do nucleic acids contain?

A

Phosphorous, no sulfur

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11
Q

Avery-MacLeod McCarty Experiment

A

Evidence that DNA, not proteins, carries genetic info

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12
Q

What was the result of the Avery-MacLeod McCarty Experiment?

A

When injected with both heat-killed smooth strain (causes pneumonia) and rough strain (harmless) led to pneumonia

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13
Q

DNase treatment

A

DNA was damaged and the mouse lived

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14
Q

Protease treatment

A

Broken proteins and the mosue died

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15
Q

Hershey Chase Experiment

A

Bacteriophages consisting of DNA and proteins, infect bacteria with genetic material to replicate

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16
Q

In the Hershey Chase Experiment, what were proteins labeled with?

A

Sulfur

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17
Q

In the Hershey Chase Experiment, what was DNA labeled with?

A

Phosphorous

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18
Q

What was the result of the Hershey Chase Experiment?

A

After the infection, the bacteria showed only phosphorus (DNA) labeling

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19
Q

Nucleotide properties

A

Phosphate group, base & pento sugar

20
Q

Nucleoside properties

A

Base, pento sugar

21
Q

Purines

A

Adenine (a), Guanine (G0

22
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine (C, DNA), Thymine (T, DNA & RNA), Uracil (U, RNA)

23
Q

Ribose and Deoxyribose Pentose Sugar

A

Carbon 1 links the base, Carbon 2 identifies sugar, and Carbon 3&5 forms the phosphodiester bond (backbone)

24
Q

What is the difference between Ribose and Deoxyribose Pentose Sugar?

A

Ribose: OH on Carbon 2
Deoxyribose: H on Carbon 2

25
Q

Structure of phosphodiester bonds

A

OH on the 3’ carbon of the first nucleotide binds the phosphate group on the 5’ carbon of the second nucleotide

26
Q

Nucleic acid polymer nomenclature

A

Name bases (A, T, G) starting at 5’ end

27
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

A=T
G=C

28
Q

Watson and Click

A

DNA was double helix and not triple helix
Bases faced inwards and outwards

29
Q

DNA orientation

A

Antiparallel

30
Q

How do base pairs interact?

A

Hydrogen bonds

31
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are there between A-T?

A

Two H-bonds

32
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are there between C-G?

A

Three H-Bonds

33
Q

Base pair rationale

A

To form H bonds there must be an optimal distance

34
Q

Why can’t 2 purine form?

A

They will not fit

35
Q

Why can’t 2 pyrimidines form?

A

They will be too far apart

36
Q

Hydrogen bonds can’t form between what bases?

A

GT and AC

37
Q

DNA is only duplicated for _________

A

Cell division

38
Q

Each cell only has _____ copy of DNA

A

One

39
Q

The entire genetic code is copied into ___________

A

Two identical daughter cells

40
Q

What is helicase?

A

Breaks H-bonds between base pairs

41
Q

What is DNA primase?

A

Creates RNA primer

42
Q

What is DNA polymerase?

A

Reads template sequence 3’-5’ and write 5’-3

43
Q

What is DNA ligase?

A

Joins Okazaki fragments

44
Q

What are Okazaki fragments?

A

A short sequence was found on the lagging strand

45
Q

The leading strand is ______

A

Continuous

46
Q

The lagging strand is ____

A

Made in pieces

47
Q

DNA creates _______

A

Two identical DNA double helices, one original and one daughter strand

BMS 300 (8 decks)

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