Water Flashcards
What is the only substance which is liquid, gaseous and solid naturally?
Water.
Describe waters properties as a natural substance on Earth?
Its gaseous, liquid and can be solid.
Explain why ice floats on water and how it forms (In simple terms)?
Ice is more dense than water, ice forms at the top and travels downwards.
Explain how water protects Earths temperature?
Due to water being so abundant on Earth (70%) of the surface, water acts as a temperature buff as you need a lot of energy to heat water.
Explain how water protects Earths temperature?
Due to water being so abundant on Earth (70%) of the surface, water acts as a temperature buff as you need a lot of energy to heat water.
How does water transport around the world?
Through water vapour.
Explain why water is referred to as a greenhouse gas?
Water vapour traps solar radiation/ absorbs the heat, thus, disallowing the heat to escape out to space.
Describe what percentage of Earth is water and through a full analysis?
70% of Earths surfaces are water. From that 97% is seawater and 3% is freshwater. From the 3% fresh water, 2% glaciers and icecaps and 1% is Surface water.
What part of phospholipids encourages the formation of membrane?
The hydrophilic and hydrophobic tails.
Describe what a cells membrane has to do with waste material?
A cells membrane is used to transport essential materials and during this, waste material is removed
Explain how water has high surface tension?
The cohesive force (keeps molecules close) stops the molecules in water from moving around but rather staying very close to neighbouring molecules (Think of a wave surf, the further apart the people (molecules) the less likely you’ll be successfully wave surfing)
Describe what makes the sky blue?
Rayleigh scattering which is a distribution of particles smaller than wavelengths of light
Describe what makes the sky blue?
Rayleigh scattering which is a distribution of particles smaller than wavelengths of light
In terms of Rayleigh scattering, what colour of light are scattered?
Violet and blue.
What does rescattering do to the sky?
Makes it look more white.
On the notes of Rayleighs scattering, what colours are short and what colours are long waves?
Shorter waves are violet and blue.
Longer waves are Red, orange and yellow
Explain why the lower sun, the more red the horizon looks?
This is due to the light which reaches you has gone though the atmosphere and is not a short wave, rather a long wavelength, thus no scattered (Long wavelengths include red, orange and yellow).
Describe two reasons the water is blue?
Because the water reflects blue and absorbs longer wavelengths (Red, orange and yellow).
In terms of difference from the sky and sea, explain what happens with blue light in both?
In the sky, blue light is scattered, in water/ sea, blue light is passes through and longer wavelengths are absorbed (Red, orange and yellow).
How do you know if water is pure?
Because pure water is pale.
Why does some water not appear blue, even though is does get long wavelengths of Yellow, orange and red?
Because water needs to be deeper than 2m to appear blue.
What are the three levels of light/ darkness in the ocean and there depths?
Sunlight (surface), twilight (200m) and midnight (1000m)
What are the three levels of the ocean given names?
Euphotic, dysphotic and aphotic.
Explain plants at the bottom of the ocean?
There are no plants at the bottom of the ocean, this is due light not getting far enough in water, stopping photosynthesis.
All of the water which enters the atmosphere, where does it comes from?
90% comes from evaporation and 10% comes from transpiration (plants).
What is the term for evaporation out the stomata?
Transpiration
Describe factors which would affect water evaporation?
Temperate difference of the water and air above water and the humidity.
Describe factors which would affect water evaporation?
Temperate difference of the water and air above water and the humidity.
Explain the process of water moving into a plant and out of a plant?
Water comes up through the roots, through the xylem and out the stomata.
How long will a molecule spend in the atmosphere until it returns to water?
9 days.
What word describes the way atmospheric water returns to the surface?
Precipitation.
How much water do clouds contain?
0.5g water per M3.
Explain what causes rain from clouds?
When the water droplets become heavy, gravity acts, pulling down the droplets.
What term describes when water moves from above ground to underground?
Infiltration
When talking about runoff, what are some factors you should think about?
Meterological; type of precipitation, duration of time, instensity
Physical; sinks, height of land, topography
Describe when water is underground, what’s the term for this?
Percolation.
What’s the difference between precipitation, percolation, infiltration and transpiration?
Precipitation- How vapour returns to surface.
Percolation- Water under the ground.
Infiltration- water from surface to underground.
Transpiration- Vapour which leaves the stomata.
Describe how water moves heat around the planet (Not in terms of trapping heat via vapour)
Ocean currents.
Describe a key responsibility that organisms have for the ocean?
Organisms maintain chemical balance of the oceans, providing gases and nutrients.
A double question, what percentage of organisms are marine and whats the statistic for oxygen?
75% of organisms are marine, 1/2-1/3 of oxygen is produced by water.
How does the ocean produce oxygen?
Oceanic plankton, algae, floating plants and bacteria which can Photosynthesis.
Describe the effects of increasing water temperatures?
-Species move latitude and altitude
-Changing food
-Seasonal differences within marine life
-Coral reef bleaching
Explain in basic terms, what coral bleaching does?
The tissues die due to the heat and break off from the skeleton.
