Water

Question 1

What is the only substance which is liquid, gaseous and solid naturally?

Answer 1

Water.

Question 2

Describe waters properties as a natural substance on Earth?

Answer 2

Its gaseous, liquid and can be solid.

Question 3

Explain why ice floats on water and how it forms (In simple terms)?

Answer 3

Ice is more dense than water, ice forms at the top and travels downwards.

Question 4

Explain how water protects Earths temperature?

Answer 4

Due to water being so abundant on Earth (70%) of the surface, water acts as a temperature buff as you need a lot of energy to heat water.

Question 4

Explain how water protects Earths temperature?

Answer 4

Due to water being so abundant on Earth (70%) of the surface, water acts as a temperature buff as you need a lot of energy to heat water.

Question 5

How does water transport around the world?

Answer 5

Through water vapour.

Question 6

Explain why water is referred to as a greenhouse gas?

Answer 6

Water vapour traps solar radiation/ absorbs the heat, thus, disallowing the heat to escape out to space.

Question 7

Describe what percentage of Earth is water and through a full analysis?

Answer 7

70% of Earths surfaces are water. From that 97% is seawater and 3% is freshwater. From the 3% fresh water, 2% glaciers and icecaps and 1% is Surface water.

Question 8

What part of phospholipids encourages the formation of membrane?

Answer 8

The hydrophilic and hydrophobic tails.

Question 9

Describe what a cells membrane has to do with waste material?

Answer 9

A cells membrane is used to transport essential materials and during this, waste material is removed

Question 10

Explain how water has high surface tension?

Answer 10

The cohesive force (keeps molecules close) stops the molecules in water from moving around but rather staying very close to neighbouring molecules (Think of a wave surf, the further apart the people (molecules) the less likely you’ll be successfully wave surfing)

Question 11

Describe what makes the sky blue?

Answer 11

Rayleigh scattering which is a distribution of particles smaller than wavelengths of light

Question 11

Describe what makes the sky blue?

Answer 11

Rayleigh scattering which is a distribution of particles smaller than wavelengths of light

Question 12

In terms of Rayleigh scattering, what colour of light are scattered?

Answer 12

Violet and blue.

Question 13

What does rescattering do to the sky?

Answer 13

Makes it look more white.

Question 14

On the notes of Rayleighs scattering, what colours are short and what colours are long waves?

Answer 14

Shorter waves are violet and blue.

Longer waves are Red, orange and yellow

Question 15

Explain why the lower sun, the more red the horizon looks?

Answer 15

This is due to the light which reaches you has gone though the atmosphere and is not a short wave, rather a long wavelength, thus no scattered (Long wavelengths include red, orange and yellow).

Question 16

Describe two reasons the water is blue?

Answer 16

Because the water reflects blue and absorbs longer wavelengths (Red, orange and yellow).

Question 17

In terms of difference from the sky and sea, explain what happens with blue light in both?

Answer 17

In the sky, blue light is scattered, in water/ sea, blue light is passes through and longer wavelengths are absorbed (Red, orange and yellow).

Question 18

How do you know if water is pure?

Answer 18

Because pure water is pale.

Question 19

Why does some water not appear blue, even though is does get long wavelengths of Yellow, orange and red?

Answer 19

Because water needs to be deeper than 2m to appear blue.

Question 20

What are the three levels of light/ darkness in the ocean and there depths?

Answer 20

Sunlight (surface), twilight (200m) and midnight (1000m)

Question 21

What are the three levels of the ocean given names?

Answer 21

Euphotic, dysphotic and aphotic.

Question 22

Explain plants at the bottom of the ocean?

Answer 22

There are no plants at the bottom of the ocean, this is due light not getting far enough in water, stopping photosynthesis.

Question 23

All of the water which enters the atmosphere, where does it comes from?

Answer 23

90% comes from evaporation and 10% comes from transpiration (plants).

Question 24

What is the term for evaporation out the stomata?

Answer 24

Transpiration

Question 25

Describe factors which would affect water evaporation?

Answer 25

Temperate difference of the water and air above water and the humidity.

Question 25

Describe factors which would affect water evaporation?

Answer 25

Temperate difference of the water and air above water and the humidity.

Question 26

Explain the process of water moving into a plant and out of a plant?

Answer 26

Water comes up through the roots, through the xylem and out the stomata.

Question 27

How long will a molecule spend in the atmosphere until it returns to water?

Answer 27

9 days.

Question 28

What word describes the way atmospheric water returns to the surface?

Answer 28

Precipitation.

Question 29

How much water do clouds contain?

Answer 29

0.5g water per M3.

Question 30

Explain what causes rain from clouds?

Answer 30

When the water droplets become heavy, gravity acts, pulling down the droplets.

Question 31

What term describes when water moves from above ground to underground?

Answer 31

Infiltration

Question 32

When talking about runoff, what are some factors you should think about?

Answer 32

Meterological; type of precipitation, duration of time, instensity

Physical; sinks, height of land, topography

Question 33

Describe when water is underground, what’s the term for this?

Answer 33

Percolation.

Question 34

What’s the difference between precipitation, percolation, infiltration and transpiration?

Answer 34

Precipitation- How vapour returns to surface.

Percolation- Water under the ground.

Infiltration- water from surface to underground.

Transpiration- Vapour which leaves the stomata.

Question 35

Describe how water moves heat around the planet (Not in terms of trapping heat via vapour)

Answer 35

Ocean currents.

Question 36

Describe a key responsibility that organisms have for the ocean?

Answer 36

Organisms maintain chemical balance of the oceans, providing gases and nutrients.

Question 37

A double question, what percentage of organisms are marine and whats the statistic for oxygen?

Answer 37

75% of organisms are marine, 1/2-1/3 of oxygen is produced by water.

Question 38

How does the ocean produce oxygen?

Answer 38

Oceanic plankton, algae, floating plants and bacteria which can Photosynthesis.

Question 39

Describe the effects of increasing water temperatures?

Answer 39

-Species move latitude and altitude
-Changing food
-Seasonal differences within marine life
-Coral reef bleaching

Question 40

Explain in basic terms, what coral bleaching does?

Answer 40

The tissues die due to the heat and break off from the skeleton.