Water

Question 1

Water is…..

Answer 1

The largest single component of our bodies

Question 2

Water is an…

Answer 2

Essential nutrient required by the diet (Can be consumed at toxic level or deficient levels)

Question 3

Water performs specific functions in the body such as…

Answer 3

• Provides a medium for chemical reactions involved in digestion & other body processes
• Transport nutrients & waste products
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Participate in energy formation

Question 4

Global Water Supply

Answer 4

• Many parts of the world have insufficient water

- Water shortages and health concerns are increasing

Question 5

Water Sources

Answer 5

2 sources

• Surface Water
• Groundwater

Question 6

Surface Water (Water Sources)

Answer 6

-Precipitation that is stored in lakes, rivers, and wetlands renewed rapidly in areas that receive @ 12-20 days of rain

Question 7

Groundwater (Water Sources)

Answer 7

• Precipitation that sinks into the ground

- Water is stored in an aquifers –Makes up @95% of the worlds supply of fresh water

Question 8

Water Pollution

Answer 8

• Any chemical, biological or physical changes in water quality that has a harmful impact on living organisms or make unsuitable for use
• Sources for the pollutants include factories, sewage treatment, active and abandon mines, runoff from golf courses, parking lot, hazardous waste dumps, underground storage tanks (oil)

Question 9

Safe Drinking Water

Answer 9

• Safe Drinking Water act of 1974 established health standards for drinking water
• @8% of US (farming and rural areas) rely on their own water supplies, owners of private wells are not required to comply with EPA health standards
• In some homes contamination from lead pipes is a concern which can lead to serious health problems – especially children

Question 10

Water Needs

Answer 10

-Women @ 11 cups/day
-Men @ 15 cups/day
-Strenuous activity and hot humid weather increase needs up to 50% (Check weight before and after activity to determine water loss)
-Cold, dry air and high altitude also increase water needs
Other factors increase water needs:
-Vomiting and/or diarrhea
-Fever
-High-protein and/or high-fiber diets
-Alcohol

Question 11

Symptoms of dehydration (Water Deficiency)

Answer 11

• Nausea, rapid heartbeat, increased body temperature, dizziness, difficulty moving
• Unresolved dehydration can lead to kidney failure or death

Question 12

Toxicity

Answer 12

• Excess water intake can lead to low blood sodium (hyponatremia)
• Causes confusion, headache, vomiting, seizure, coma, death
• Most likely to occur in athlete that gain weight during an event consume 12 cups of low/no sodium fluids during the race – running more than 4 hours, people with a BMI under 20 & women at a higher risk

Question 13

What is caffeine?

Answer 13

• Most widely used drug

- Caffeine has been used for centuries

Question 14

How does caffeine affect the body?

Answer 14

• Stimulant: Causes increased alertness, decreased fatigue and sharper concentration
• Increases: Heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, urine production- for naïve users
• Regular users: Develops tolerance and all of these effects disappear
• Caffeine may cause sleep disturbance and jittery nerve with regular use
• Withdrawal: Headache, irritability, restlessness

Question 15

The good and bad of using Caffeine

Answer 15

• Caffeine constricts the blood vessels that run through tissues covering the brain (the effect causes relieving migraine headaches which are caused by the swelling of the blood vessels)
• During pregnancy the kidneys and liver clear caffeine more slowly