Waste Disposal Flashcards
What is the name of the process which produces faeces?
Egestion
Name the 3 excretory products of the human body
Urea, Sweat & CO2
Where and how is urea produced?
Urea is produced in the liver by the breakdown of excess amino acids
State the function of the kidneys
To excrete urea, water and salt
Name the blood vessel which delivers blood to the kidney
Renal artery
Which vessel carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
Which useful chemicals are reabsorbed in the kidney?
Glucose, water and amino acids
What influences the amount of urine someone produces?
Temperature, amount of water drunk, amount of sweating
On a hot day, after exercising –how would you describe the urine a person produces
They would produce a low volume of concentrated urine
What happens when carbon dioxide levels are high in the blood?
Carbon dioxide levels are detected by the brain and breathing rate is increased, to increase gas exchange and removed from the blood
What is ultrafiltration?
It happens in the kidney tubules (nephrons) and small molecules such as glucose, water and urea move into the glomerulus and capsule because the blood in from the renal artery is under pressure. The large red blood cells stay in the blood and do not move into the glomerulus.
Why is selective reabsorption important?
Small useful molecules such as glucose and amino acids pass into the nephron and would be excreted in the urine. Both glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood leaving some water and urea in the kidney tubule, to be excreted.
What is ADH and where is it produced and where does it act?
ADH is antidiuretic hormone. It is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain; it acts on the collecting duct. It increases the permeability of the collecting duct, so more water is reabsorbed into the blood, so less volume of urine is produced. This means that the urine is more concentrated.
If a person’s kidneys fail what are the treatment options.
Initially dialysis is used to remove urea from the patients’ blood. The patient may be offered a kidney transplant if a suitable kidney is available.
What is the principal of dialysis?
It removes urea from the blood and maintains sodium and glucose levels in the blood, of someone with kidney failure
