Respiratory Systems Flashcards
Define gas exchange
Process where oxygen enters an organism and carbon dioxide is released
Name the gas exchange organ in amoeba
The cell membrane
Name the gas exchange organ in fish
Gills
Describe the movement of oxygen into the blood via the respiratory system
Air enters the mouth and down the trachea into the bronchi. The bronchi split into left and right side of the body. The air enters the bronchioles and then into the alveoli. Here oxygen diffuses into the blood capillaries which surround the alveoli and oxygen enters the blood supply.
What is ventilation?
Breathing
What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?
Ventilation is the process where air moves into and out of the lungs, whereas respiration is the process that occurs inside the cells and releases energy for cells to use.
Describe how inhalation occurs
The intercostal muscles contract causing the ribcage to move upwards and outwards. The diaphragm also contracts. Both of these processes increase the volume of the chest cavity. As the pressure inside the lungs is now below air pressure, air moves into the lungs
What is the vital capacity?
It is the maximum volume of air that can be used in gas exchange in the lungs
What is the residual air?
The volume of air that stays in the lungs at the end of the maximum breathe out.
By which process does oxygen enter the blood supply and carbon dioxide leave the blood supply?
Diffusion
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Large SA moist, thin Permeable surface Good blood supply
Why are alveoli easily damaged by dust and microorganisms?
Alveoli are ‘dead ends’ dust and bacteria can collect; there are no cilia to waft trapped bacteria from the alveoli. The alveoli are thin, so are easily damaged.
How do the trachea and bronchi protect the body from pathogens?
The goblet cells produce mucus which traps pathogens and dust. Ciliated cells waft and move the mucus up to the back of the throat, where it swallowed and the acid in the stomach is kills the microorganisms.
What is pneumonia?
A disease which is usually caused by a virus or bacteria; it causes inflammation where fluid builds up.
Explain what happens during an asthma attack?
Asthmatic airways are sensitive and can become swollen or inflamed. Bronchioles narrow (constrict) and the muscles tighten and there is an increase in mucus produced. It makes it difficult to breathe and causes wheezing, coughing and chest tightness.
