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Social Studies 8 > Washington/Adams QUIZ Tuesday, April 5 > Flashcards

Washington/Adams QUIZ Tuesday, April 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Inauguration

A

A ceremony in which the President takes AN OATH OF OFFICE (officially becomes President)

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2
Q

Cabinet

A

A body of advisors to the president

  • They represent different DEPARTMENTS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
  • First Three Departments: TREASURY, STATE, WAR
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3
Q

Tariff

A

A TAX ON IMPORTED goods

  • Goods coming INTO the country from other places
  • Encourages people to buy AMERICAN goods
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4
Q

Precedent

A

An example to be followed by others in the future

-A president’s Farewell Address was a tradition started by George Washington

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5
Q

Alien

A

Non-citizens or IMMIGRANTS who came to the U.S.

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6
Q

Sedition

A

The crime of encouraging rebellion or speaking out against the government
- Examples: writings, publishing (in the news) or speaking publicly against the government

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7
Q

George Washington

A

First president of the United States

- Supported the FEDERALISTS

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8
Q

John Adams

A

Second President of the United States

  • George Washington’s Vice President
  • FEDERALIST
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9
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Secretary of the Treasury (dealt with country’s money) in Washington’s Presidency
- Leader of the FEDERALISTS

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10
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Secretary of State (dealt with other countries ) in Washington’s Presidency

  • John Adams Vice President
  • Leader of the REPUBLICANS
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11
Q

Henry Knox

A

Secretary of War (dealt with military ) in Washington’s Presidency

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12
Q

Edmund Randolph

A

Attorney General (top law enforcer) in Washington’s Presidency

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13
Q

Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan

A

Alexander Hamilton’s job was to create a FINANCIAL PLAN for the country as he was the Secretary of the Treasury. The plan had three parts

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14
Q

Part 1: Assume (pay off) the state debt

A
  • The federal government would pay off the debt of the states (from the Revolutionary WAR!)
    Paying off debt would establish credit (trust) for the country and give them financial stability
  • Other countries would then want to trade with America!
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15
Q

Part 2: Establish a National Bank

A
  • Would create a place to store the country’s money
  • The bank could give out loans to people to start businesses
  • Establish a national currency (paper money)
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16
Q

Part 3: Taxes and Tariffs

A
  • Excise taxes: government would tax luxury goods like whiskey (things people don’t need!)
  • Protective Tariff: tax on imports or goods from other countries
  • Encourages people to buy goods in America since they are cheaper!
17
Q

This plan was passed by the government after making a COMPROMISE for where the capital was moved to:

A
  • the state capital was moved to WASHINGTON D.C. (closer to the south!)
18
Q

Key Events during Washington’s Presidency:

A
  • Whiskey Rebellion
  • Proclamation of Neutrality
  • Washington’s Farewell Address
19
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A
  • congress put an excise tax on whiskey (take on luxury goods)
  • Farmers suffered because it made whiskey more difficult to sell (It was too expensive!)
  • In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania protested by tarring and feathering tax collectors
  • George Washington sent a militia to crush the rebellion
  • Thomas Jefferson (Republican) was AGAINST THIS: it took away people’s right to protest
20
Q

Proclamation of Neutrality

A

Issued in 1793—U.S. would not become involved in war between Great Britain and France

21
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A

After two terms (8 years) as president (1796) George Washington gave a FAREWELL ADDRESS or message to the nation.
- He warned the country of THREATS that might affect the future:

  1. Warned about FOREIGN ALLIANCES:
    a. Getting into alliances (or friendships) with other countries could lead the country into war
    b. The country was new and needed to focus on itself
  2. Warned about POLITICAL PARTIES:
    a. Political parties and the “spirit of party” caused DIVISION and disrespect in the country
    b. People COULD NOT AGREE on how to run the government— this would tear the country apart
22
Q

Key Events During Adams’ Presidency:

A
  • XYZ Affair
  • Alien and Sedition Acts
  • The Election of 1800
23
Q

XYZ Affair

A
  • Americans sent 3 delegates to France to negotiate terms of peace
  • The French were seizing American ships and goods headed for England (French and British were fighting each other!)
  • The French representative, Talleyrand wanted the following from the Americans to stop seizing American ships
  • $250,000 bribe
  • Loan to be given to the French government
  • The Americans WOULD NOT do this-they would rather fight a war than pay a bribe! They demanded to be respected by other countries
24
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A
  • Passed against foreigners and people who were thought to be threatening the government
    Alien Act:
  • Increased time to become an American citizen from 5 to 14
  • Jail or deport aliens who threatened the government
    Sedition Act:
  • Jailed/punished people who spoke or published in newspaper negative ideas about the government
  • ** Ended up punishing Republican newspapers who spoke poorly about President Adams
  • **TOOK AWAY FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS (FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS
25
Q

The Election of 1800

A

**Because of the Alien and Sedition Acts, JOHN ADAMS LOST RE-ELECTION FOR PRESIDENT IN 1800!

26
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Key People

A 
Federalist:
- Alexander Hamilton 
- George Washington
Democratic-Republican:
-Thomas Jefferson
27
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Strength of Government

A 
Federalist:
- STRONG national government
Democratic-Republican:
- WEAK national government
- more power to the STATES
28
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Who Should Rule?

A

Federalist:
- Wealthy and well-educated men should rule
Democratic-Republican:
- Common and capable people should rule

29
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Thoughts on Human Nature

A

Federalist:
- Humans are naturally selfish
- Common people not fit to make decisions for the country
Democratic -Republican:
- Had good faith in the common and lower class people
- People can make decisions if they are well-informed

30
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Type of Economy

A

Federalist:
- Wanted an economy based on INDUSTRY and TRADE
- Wanted a NATIONAL BANK to give out loans and print money
Democratic-Republican
- Wanted an economy based on AGRICULTURE and FARMING
- DID NOT want a National Bank—Not stated in the Constitution

31
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: Interpretation of the Constitution

A

Federalists:
- LOOSE INTERPRETATION of the Constitution
- Can go outside of what the Constitution says: do whatever is “necessary or proper” for the government
Democratic-Republican
- STRICT INTERPRETATION of the Constitution:
- Only follow what the Constitution exactly says

32
Q

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republican: France or Great Britain?

A

Federalist:
- PRO-BRITISH
Democratic-Republican
- PRO-FRENCH

Social Studies 8 (4 decks)

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