Road to Revolution Assessment Wednesday, December 22 Flashcards
Boycott
To refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source
- the Colonists boycotted stamps after the British enforced a tax on paper goods
Militia
A small army made up of ordinary citizens who are trained to fight in an emergency
Repeal
To take back, or cancel a law
- After the Colonists boycotted stamps, the British repealed the Stamp Act.
Tyranny
The unjust use of government power; a ruler who uses power in this way is called a tyrant
- King George’s control over the colonies could be considered tyranny
Smuggle
To illegally brin in (import or export) goods
- Colonists smuggled sugar into Boston after the Sugar Act was passed.
Monopoly
A company that controls all production and sales of a particular product
- The British raised the price of tea because they had a monopoly over tea. The colonists could only buy tea from them.
Samuel Adams
- Leader of Sons of Liberty
- from Boston
- American smuggler (stole goods)
John Adams
- Massachusetts lawyer
- Defended the British soldiers at the Boston Massacre Trials
Sons of Liberty
Secret organization created by the Thirteen colonies to advance the rights of the colonists and the fight taxation by British government
- Made up of PATRIOTS: people who supported breaking away from England
Section 1: Before 1763
The Great Awakening
- A religious movement that focused on an individual connection to spirituality (movement away from formal church services)
- Questioned authority of the church (and later, all authority)
Section 1: Before 1763
French and Indian War:
- Causes of the French and Indian War:
- The major piece of land that lead to war was the Ohio River Valley— french and British both wanted this land!!
Section 1: Before 1763
Who fought in the French and Indian War?
-French and Huron Indians Vs. British, Colonists, and Iroquois Indians
Section 1: Before 1763
- Most of the War was fought in North America!
- **George Washington led the colonists as a general
Section 1: Before 1763
Effects (Results) of the French and Indian War:
- The British WON!
- They won the Ohio River Valley and other land (Canada)
- The British were in DEBT from the war
- Owed Money for soldiers, supplies, food, weapons , etc
Section 2: Early British Actions in the Colonies
Proclamation of 1763:
- Colonists COULD NOT move past the Appalachian Mountains, even though they HELPED TO WIN the FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR!
- The British DID NOT want COLONIST moving because of CONFLICTS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
- The Colonists MOVED ANYWAY!
- Wanted access to new and FERTILE LAND
Section 2: Early British Actions in the Colonies
The Stamp Act:
- Required stamps on letters, newspapers, cards, etc.
- COLONISTS HAD TO PAY A TAX FOR THE STAMP
- Colonists responded by BOYCOTTING
- They stop BUYING BRITISH GOODS!
- They say: “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!”
- Colonists also responded by VIOLENT DEMONSTRATIONS OF TARRING AND FEATHER TAX COLLECTORS
- Eventually, the STAMP ACT IS REPEALED or removed
Section 2: Early British Actions in the Colonies
The Quartering Act:
- Gave British troop the right to DEMAND HOUSING AND FOOD FROM THE COLONISTS
- This mostly occurred in NEW YORK AND BOSTON
- Colonists were very ANGRY about this act and TRIED TO VOTE AGAINST IT
Section 3: The Townshend Acts
Townshend Acts: placed a tax on GOODS brought in from Britain
- Glass, paper, paint, tea
- Colonists started to BOYCOTT the British goods (peaceful protest)
- **Women were a large part of boycott—did mos to the shopping (made own clothing, tea, etc.)
- British merchants began losing money
- **In 1770, Parliament REPEALED (canceled) the Townshend Acts except for TAX ON TEA.
Section 4: The Boston Massacre
- Fight breaks out in Boston over Townshend Acts—first bloodshed of the Revolution
- British troops were sent to keep order in Boston in 1768
- March 5, 1770: Mob of colonists were throwing snowballs at troops in center of Boston
- Troops opened fire and five colonists were killed
- Paul Revere created an engraving showing defenseless colonists—this was sent to other colonies to stir anger
Section 5: The Tea Act
- British East india Company have a monopoly over tea Industry
- Only British could sell tea to colonies
- British could rise price of tea whenever they wanted
- ***Angered colonists who saw this as a way of controlling them and hurt colonial businesses-can’t sell their own tea
Section 5: The Boston Tea Party
- Colonists protested the Tea Act
- December 1773: Sons of Liberty unloaded tea in Boston
- At night, 60 men dressed as Indians dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor to destroy it. News of this spread through the colonies—created excitement
Section 6: The Intolerable Acts
- King George and British Parliament were outraged by Boston Tea Party
- 1774: Parliament passed a new set of laws—the Intolerable Acts
Section 7: Lexington and Concord
- Colonists formed LOCAL MILITIAS in case boycotts didn’t work
- Volunteers were called MINUTEMEN: ready to fight in 60 seconds
- King George decided that the colonists were in a “state of rebellion”
- Sent more troops to Boston and the colonies
- APRIL 1775: British General Thomas Gage sent 700 troops to an arsenal with gunpowder and weapons in Concord, Massachusetts
- They were commanded to seize the weapons
- Colonists heard about this surprise attack
- Paul Revere was sent to warn that “The British are coming!”
- Minutemen gather in Lexington to meet British soldiers
- British and Colonial troops met i the morning
- The first shot of the Revolution was fired: “the shot heard round the world”
- NO ONE knows who fired the first shot and 8 colonists were killed
- The first shot of the Revolution was fired: “the shot heard round the world”
