Washington, Adams, And Jefferson Flashcards
George Washington
- The First President of the United States. He was a federalist, thus beginning the federalist era with John Adams as his Vice President.
- He created the tax on whiskey(and other foreign goods) to pay off the war debt.
- In his farewell address, he warned the Americans that political parties are dangerous and would upset the peace of the country and to stay out of foreign affairs.
Alexander Hamilton
- Was born into poverty
- Was a federalist
- Hamilton had little faith in the common people and put his trust into the wealthy and educated
- He proposed (created) the national bank to pay off the war debt
- Strongly disliked Thomas Jefferson, but voted for him because of his even stronger dislike for Aaron Burr.
John Adams
-Was the second Federalist President
-Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts
-
Thomas Jefferson
- Ended the Federalist era as the first Democratic-Republican President
- Ended the Alien and Sedition Acts
- Believed in a strict and narrow interpretation of the constitution.
- He helped build Washington DC, was a lawyer, Created Monticello (Virginia Home), invented storm windows, a seven day clock, and a dumb waiter
- He was also a skilled violinist, horseman, amateur scientist, and a devoted reader.
- He purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon for $15 million.
Henry Knox
Part of George Washington’s cabinet. He was the Secretary of war.
Napoleon Bonaparte
The French ruler at the time, he was willing to sell not just New Orleans, but the Whole Luisiana Territory for $15 million, because he needed to settle rebellions in Haiti and had to pay off war debt.
Lewis and Clark
Lewis:
-Was picked by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Luisiana Territory
Clark:
-Lewis’s right hand man and a skilled mapmaker. Lewis entrusted him to pick the rest of the explorers to accompany them on the trip
Explored Louisiana for Jefferson
Sacajawea
The 17-year old Indian wife of a French trapper. She was a women whose knowledge of the land was helpful and served as Lewis and Clarks’ guide.
Washington’s Farewell Adress
One of George Washington’s most famous speeches written to the people of the US telling the people he was retiring and it gave in last minute advice to keep the country united.
Federalist
People who are Pro-Constitution, have a loose interpretation of the constitution and they are one of the two political parties.
Proclamation of Nuetrality
A Proclamation saying that America will not aid any side of a foreign battle.
Democratic-Republicans
A political party which favors a strict interpretation of the constitution and America as a rural country of independent farmers.
Cabinet
The President’s advisors
Tariff
A tax on imported goods
Neutral
Not siding with one country or the other
Whiskey Rebellion
A 1764 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey, which was valuable to the livelihood of back country farmers.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Native Americans Were Defeated Here.
XYZ Affair
The 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S Diplomats.
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the U.S and to curb free speech.
Why did George Washington set the precedent of stepping down from presidency after two terms?
He did not want to get too much power and become a dictator or a king
What interest did the French have in Luisiana?
Napoleon wanted to build an empire.
Proclamation of Nuetrality
To not get involved in other countries buisinesses
How did President Jefferson try to end pirate attacks on US ships?
He stopped paying ransom.
Why wasn’t Louisiana a priority for Napoleon?
He was fighting wars against England and had to put down a revolt in Haiti.
Marbury vs. Madison
The first case that showed Judicial Review (Supreme Court Has The Final Say). This made people listen to the Court
States’ Rights
A belief put forth by Jefferson that the states should have more power than Washington D.C
Barbary Pirates
The Pirates who seized American ships for goods.
In his farewell address, what did Washington urge Americans to do?
Beware of Foreign Entanglements
He was against political parties.
Election of 1796
The election when Adams beat Jefferson and Jefferson became Vice President.
Election of 1800
- The First Time We Went From One Party In Power To Another Without Any Riot.
- We Had Four Candidates And Nobody Won The Electoral Collage so the House of Representatives had to vote and they voted for Thomas Jefferson.
Why did war between Britain and France put the US in an awkward position?
We Wanted To Be Friends With Both Sides So We Couldn’t Take Sides And Remain Neutral.
According to the federalists, who is best suited to run a government?
Washington DC
What were some differences between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans?
Federalists believe in more power in Washington DC in the government and Democratic Republicans believe in more power in the states.
Why did Washington call up an army to crush the Whiskey Rebellion?
If he didn’t, the country might have been thrown into chaos.
What three executive departments (cabinet posts) were created by the first congress?
Secretary of War
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
In order to ensure that the judicial branch would remain under Federal influence, what did president Adams do?
Adam picked Federalist Judges to block Jefferson
What kind of country (agricultural/industrial) did Jefferson feel the US should be?
Agricultural
New Orleans
The city that Americans wanted to have so they could trade because France was blocking them.
Luisiana Purchase
The Americans wanted to buy New Orleans from France and Napoleon was willing to sell the whole Luisiana territory for $15 million dollars because he had war debts to pay and Haiti to deal with.
Why was the Mississippi River important to Americans during the early 1800s?
Fishing, water, importing and exporting goods.
Why has the Louisiana purchase proven to be valuable to the US?
It doubled the size of the US
Made more space for farming
Blocking out hostile nations
Why did Jefferson Purchase
Luisiana?
It gave more farmland, jobs, made the country bigger, and keep out other nations.
How did congress finally agree to address George Washington, the first president?
Mr. President
Midnight Judges
The Judges picked by John Adams before he was released from office.
Pickney’s Treaty
A treaty between the United States and Spain showing boundary lines
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Jefferson’s plan that said if the state felt that a law was unconstitutional, they could ignore it. It did not work.
How was the presidential election of 1800 determined?
It featured 4 people and nobody got a majority of electoral votes. This went to the House of Representatives. So Alexander Hamilton voted for Jefferson and was later killed by Burr.
