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DRRM > WASH in Emergencies > Flashcards

WASH in Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of WASH

A

Water Sanitation and Hygiene (in Emergencies)

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2
Q

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being; focus is on preventing illness in the whole population, instead of curing individuals

A

Public Health

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3
Q

Consists of strategies, intervention and concerns related to water supply, sanitation, vector control, waste management and hygiene promotion to minimize morbidities, mortalities, and disabilities

A

WASH in emergencies

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4
Q

The goals of WASH

A
  • promote good personal hygiene; protect health
  • improve health conditions
  • promote dignity of living or enhance the quality of life
  • protect the environment
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5
Q

The planned, systematic attempt to enable people to take action to prevent or mitigate water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases

A

Hygiene promotion

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6
Q

In children under 5, this fraction of all diseases is caused by environmental factors

A

One-third

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7
Q

Meaning of HWWS

A

Handwashing with soap

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8
Q

Poor hygiene, lack of access to sanitation and unsafe drinking water contribute to this percent of diarrhoea deaths

A

88%

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9
Q

Percentage that can reduce ARI (acute respiratory illness) by HWWS

A

23%

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10
Q

Maternal HWWS can reduce neonatal mortality by this percentage

A

44%

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11
Q

Areas and concerns of WASH in emergencies

A
  • Water supply
  • Sanitation
  • Vector control
  • Waste management
  • Hygiene promotion
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12
Q

Water supply:

A
  • Access and water quantity
  • Water quality
  • Water use facilities and goods
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13
Q

Sanitation:

A
  • Excreta disposal
  • Bathing facilities
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14
Q

Vector control:

A
  • Individual and family protection
  • Physical, environmental, and chemical protection measures
  • Chemical control
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15
Q

Waste management:

A
  • Solid waste collection and disposal
  • Liquid waste/drainage
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16
Q

Hygiene promotion:

A
  • Maintenance of facilities
  • Community participation
  • Community and individual action
  • Monitoring
  • Selection and distribution of hygiene materials
  • Communication with WASH stakeholders
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17
Q

Mobilize resources to ensure access to adequate and safe water through water quality surveillance, disinfection/treatment, provision of storage facility, development and peotection of water supply sources

A

Water supply

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18
Q

Water quanity needed to survive

A

15 liters/person/day

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19
Q

Most serious threat to water quality

A

Contamination by feces

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20
Q

Indicator of fecal contamintion and serve as a marker for othe pathogens

A

Coliforms

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21
Q

More important than quality

A

Quantity

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22
Q

Transmitted from person to person as a result of an inadequate supply of water for personal hygiene and/or domestic cleaning

A

Water-washed diseases

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23
Q

Waste-washed diseases

A
  • Scabies
  • Lice
  • Typhus
  • Trachoma
  • Conjunctivitis
24
Q

Transmitted by insects harboring and propagating in water

A

Water-related vector borne diseases

25
Q

Water-related vector borne diseases

A
  • Dengue
  • Malaria
  • Filariasis
  • H-feverZika
  • Chikungunya
  • Onchocerciasis
26
Q

Virus from bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito

A

H-feverZika

27
Q

River blindness, by worm from female Simulium black flies

A

Onchocerciasis

28
Q

Transmitted by containated water

A

Waterborne diseases

29
Q

Waterborne diseases:

A
  • Cholera
  • Typhoid fever
  • Bacillary dysentery
  • Infectious hepatitis
  • Amoebi dysentery
  • Giardiasis
30
Q

Ensure proper use and maintenance of facilities; excreta disposal facilities; bathing facilities

A

Sanitation

31
Q

The most dangerous water pollutant

A

Human feces

32
Q

1 gram of excreta contains:

A
  • 10,000,000 viruses
  • 1,000,000 bacteria
  • 1,000 parasite cysts
  • 100 parasite eggs
33
Q

Excreta-related diseases

A
  • Bacterial infection
  • Viral infections
  • Protozoan infection
  • Helminthic (worm infections)
34
Q

Bacterial infections

A

Typhoid, cholera, bacillary dysentery, gastro-entiritis

35
Q

Viral infections

A

Infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis

36
Q

Protozoan infection

A

Amoebiasis

37
Q

Helminthic

A

Ascaris, hookworm, schistosoma

38
Q

Temporary lifespan of toilet facilities

A

3 months

39
Q

Semi-permanent lifespan of toilet facilities

A

6-8 months

40
Q

SPHERE standard for toilet facilities

A

1 toilet seat/20 persons

41
Q

P.D. 856 standard for toilet facilities

A

1 toilet seat/50 persons

42
Q

Eye infections, diarrhea

A

Flies

43
Q

Malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis

A

Mosquito

44
Q

Scabies, scrub typus Epidemic typus, relapsing fever

A

Mites, lice

45
Q

Endemic typus, plague

A

Fleas

46
Q

Relapsing fever, spotted fever

A

Ticks

47
Q

Rat bite fecer, leptospirosis, salmonellosis

A

Rats

48
Q

Common vector control methods

A
  1. Physical/mechanical method
  2. Chemical method
  3. Biological method
  4. Environmental method
49
Q

Using devices such as traps, screens, fans, or by physical force such as swatting/clubbing

A

Physical/mechanical method

50
Q

Using rodenticides, insecticdes, or larvicides applied either by residual spraying, misting, fogging, impregnation or baits

A

Chemical method

51
Q

Limiting growth and reproduction of vectors by limiting availability of food and harborages

A

Biological method

52
Q

Maintaining the cleanliness of the immediate premises and obsrerving proper building construction and maintenance in order to prevent access of these pests into human dwellings

A

Environmental method

53
Q

Proper habit and attitude of keeping the body clean, nice-looking and good smelling

A

Personal hygiene

54
Q

Reasons for personal hygiene

A
  • Disease prevention
  • Social and personal relationships
55
Q

Food-borne diseases:

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Typhoid fever
  • Cholera
  • Hepatitis A
  • Poisoning
56
Q

Common sanitation related problems during emergencies

A
  • Waterborne diseases
  • Excreta-related diseases
  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Food-borne diseases
57
Q

Essential actions for prevention and control of sanitation related diseases

A
  • Toilet facility
  • Water safety
  • Vector control
  • Personal hygiene and food safety

DRRM (5 decks)

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