WASH in Emergencies

Question 1

Meaning of WASH

Answer 1

Water Sanitation and Hygiene (in Emergencies)

Question 2

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being; focus is on preventing illness in the whole population, instead of curing individuals

Answer 2

Public Health

Question 3

Consists of strategies, intervention and concerns related to water supply, sanitation, vector control, waste management and hygiene promotion to minimize morbidities, mortalities, and disabilities

Answer 3

WASH in emergencies

Question 4

The goals of WASH

Answer 4

• promote good personal hygiene; protect health
• improve health conditions
• promote dignity of living or enhance the quality of life
• protect the environment

Question 5

The planned, systematic attempt to enable people to take action to prevent or mitigate water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases

Answer 5

Hygiene promotion

Question 6

In children under 5, this fraction of all diseases is caused by environmental factors

Answer 6

One-third

Question 7

Meaning of HWWS

Answer 7

Handwashing with soap

Question 8

Poor hygiene, lack of access to sanitation and unsafe drinking water contribute to this percent of diarrhoea deaths

Answer 8

88%

Question 9

Percentage that can reduce ARI (acute respiratory illness) by HWWS

Answer 9

23%

Question 10

Maternal HWWS can reduce neonatal mortality by this percentage

Answer 10

44%

Question 11

Areas and concerns of WASH in emergencies

Answer 11

• Water supply
• Sanitation
• Vector control
• Waste management
• Hygiene promotion

Question 12

Water supply:

Answer 12

• Access and water quantity
• Water quality
• Water use facilities and goods

Question 13

Sanitation:

Answer 13

• Excreta disposal
• Bathing facilities

Question 14

Vector control:

Answer 14

• Individual and family protection
• Physical, environmental, and chemical protection measures
• Chemical control

Question 15

Waste management:

Answer 15

• Solid waste collection and disposal
• Liquid waste/drainage

Question 16

Hygiene promotion:

Answer 16

• Maintenance of facilities
• Community participation
• Community and individual action
• Monitoring
• Selection and distribution of hygiene materials
• Communication with WASH stakeholders

Question 17

Mobilize resources to ensure access to adequate and safe water through water quality surveillance, disinfection/treatment, provision of storage facility, development and peotection of water supply sources

Answer 17

Water supply

Question 18

Water quanity needed to survive

Answer 18

15 liters/person/day

Question 19

Most serious threat to water quality

Answer 19

Contamination by feces

Question 20

Indicator of fecal contamintion and serve as a marker for othe pathogens

Answer 20

Coliforms

Question 21

More important than quality

Answer 21

Quantity

Question 22

Transmitted from person to person as a result of an inadequate supply of water for personal hygiene and/or domestic cleaning

Answer 22

Water-washed diseases

Question 23

Waste-washed diseases

Answer 23

• Scabies
• Lice
• Typhus
• Trachoma
• Conjunctivitis

Question 24

Transmitted by insects harboring and propagating in water

Answer 24

Water-related vector borne diseases

Question 25

Water-related vector borne diseases

Answer 25

* Dengue * Malaria * Filariasis * H-feverZika * Chikungunya * Onchocerciasis

Question 26

Virus from bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito

Answer 26

H-feverZika

Question 27

River blindness, by worm from female Simulium black flies

Answer 27

Onchocerciasis

Question 28

Transmitted by containated water

Answer 28

Waterborne diseases

Question 29

Waterborne diseases:

Answer 29

* Cholera * Typhoid fever * Bacillary dysentery * Infectious hepatitis * Amoebi dysentery * Giardiasis

Question 30

Ensure proper use and maintenance of facilities; excreta disposal facilities; bathing facilities

Answer 30

Sanitation

Question 31

The most dangerous water pollutant

Answer 31

Human feces

Question 32

1 gram of excreta contains:

Answer 32

* 10,000,000 viruses * 1,000,000 bacteria * 1,000 parasite cysts * 100 parasite eggs

Question 33

Excreta-related diseases

Answer 33

* Bacterial infection * Viral infections * Protozoan infection * Helminthic (worm infections)

Question 34

Bacterial infections

Answer 34

Typhoid, cholera, bacillary dysentery, gastro-entiritis

Question 35

Viral infections

Answer 35

Infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis

Question 36

Protozoan infection

Answer 36

Amoebiasis

Question 37

Helminthic

Answer 37

Ascaris, hookworm, schistosoma

Question 38

Temporary lifespan of toilet facilities

Answer 38

3 months

Question 39

Semi-permanent lifespan of toilet facilities

Answer 39

6-8 months

Question 40

SPHERE standard for toilet facilities

Answer 40

1 toilet seat/20 persons

Question 41

P.D. 856 standard for toilet facilities

Answer 41

1 toilet seat/50 persons

Question 42

Eye infections, diarrhea

Answer 42

Flies

Question 43

Malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis

Answer 43

Mosquito

Question 44

Scabies, scrub typus Epidemic typus, relapsing fever

Answer 44

Mites, lice

Question 45

Endemic typus, plague

Answer 45

Fleas

Question 46

Relapsing fever, spotted fever

Answer 46

Ticks

Question 47

Rat bite fecer, leptospirosis, salmonellosis

Answer 47

Rats

Question 48

Common vector control methods

Answer 48

1. Physical/mechanical method 2. Chemical method 3. Biological method 4. Environmental method

Question 49

Using devices such as traps, screens, fans, or by physical force such as swatting/clubbing

Answer 49

Physical/mechanical method

Question 50

Using rodenticides, insecticdes, or larvicides applied either by residual spraying, misting, fogging, impregnation or baits

Answer 50

Chemical method

Question 51

Limiting growth and reproduction of vectors by limiting availability of food and harborages

Answer 51

Biological method

Question 52

Maintaining the cleanliness of the immediate premises and obsrerving proper building construction and maintenance in order to prevent access of these pests into human dwellings

Answer 52

Environmental method

Question 53

Proper habit and attitude of keeping the body clean, nice-looking and good smelling

Answer 53

Personal hygiene

Question 54

Reasons for personal hygiene

Answer 54

* Disease prevention * Social and personal relationships

Question 55

Food-borne diseases:

Answer 55

* Diarrhea * Typhoid fever * Cholera * Hepatitis A * Poisoning

Question 56

Common sanitation related problems during emergencies

Answer 56

* Waterborne diseases * Excreta-related diseases * Vector-borne diseases * Food-borne diseases

Question 57

Essential actions for prevention and control of sanitation related diseases

Answer 57

* Toilet facility * Water safety * Vector control * Personal hygiene and food safety