Wartime and post-war Stalin - Terror

Question 1

Wartime opposition

Answer 1

-national minority areas eg estonia, lithuania, belorussia and ukraine welcomed germans as liberators
-russian liberation movement formed in ukraine, became a waffen-ss division and had 50,000+ soldiers
-1m+ joined hitlers side, 250k cossacks

Question 2

Wartime terror tactics

Answer 2

-july 1942, one step backwards rule, any soldier who fell behind/retreated to be shot on sight
-150k sentenced to death through this order
-penal battalions created from those who broke discipline, given dangerous jobs where 50% died

Question 3

The revival of terror post war

Answer 3

-feb 1947, hotels and marriages to foreigners outlawed
-lavrenti beria head of security apparatus
-12 million wartime survivors sent to labour camps

Question 4

Reorganisation of the nkvd

Answer 4

-ministry of internal affairs (mvd) and ministry of state security (mgb)
-mvd, controlled domestic security and gulags
-mgb, took charge of counter intelligence and espionage

Question 5

Leningrad case

Answer 5

-1949, stalin took a stand against the leningrad party
-had previously shown independence in views/actions
-several officials arrested, head of gosplan and vosnesensky an economic reformer in the politburo

Question 6

Anti semitism

Answer 6

-stalin previously favoured a jewish state in palestine
-changed his mind when israel was pro-usa
-1948, jewish theatre director mikhoels killed mysteriously in car accident
-jewish wives of molotov and kalinin arrested 1949

Question 7

Mingrelian case (georgian purge)

Answer 7

-1951, directed against followers of lavrenti beria
-accused of collaboration with western powers
-beria was mingrelian and it was likely aimed at weakening his authority

Question 8

Doctors plot

Answer 8

-lydia timashuk, doctor in kremlin hospital wrote to stalin accusing 9 doctors of failing to treat zhdanov properly
-stalin arrested the doctors accusing them of a zionist conspiracy to murder zhdanov and other soviets
-all 9 executed

Question 9

Anti semitism post doctors plot

Answer 9

-hundreds of doctors arrested and tortured
-thousands of ordinary jews deported from cities
-anti jewish hysteria encouraged by press non jews feared to enter hospitals, shunned jewish professionals