Krushchev - Opposition

Question 1

Publishing

Answer 1

-some writers evaded censorship by publishing work abroad, known as tamizdat
-samizdat used also, duplicating works by hand
-youngest society of geniuses, student group set up mid 1960s produced a journal ‘the sphinxes’

Question 2

Poetry

Answer 2

-Monument to stalinist critic Mayakovsky unveiled in moscow 29 june 1958
-sparked poetry readings, attended by students
-1961 regular attenders arrested for political activity

Question 3

Magazines

Answer 3

-Ginzburg published syntaxis, arrested 1960
-sent to labour camps 1961-69 for demanding reform
-130k identified as leading a parasitic way of life

Question 4

Music

Answer 4

-illegal recordings known as magnitizdat passed around playing jazz or rock and roll
-yuliy kim reacted to political events in his song writing

Question 5

Art

Answer 5

-bulatov formed ‘sretensky boulevard group’
-most artists able to escape persecution
-ballet dancer rudolf nureyev defected to the west 1961

Question 6

Treatment of political opposition

Answer 6

-molotov demoted to mongolia, malenkov to hep station in kazakhstan and kaganovich sverdlosk cement works
- 1955, 4% accepted of 250k appeals for release by political prisoners
-by 1956 8-9 million rehabilitated
-2 million returned from gulags, same from settlements

Question 7

Krushchev’s fall from power

Answer 7

-returned from georgia to moscow 13 oct 1964
-presidium meeting, criticised by former supporters
-refused to resign but denied access to media
-resignation paper presented, had no option but to resign, said to be due to age and ill health

Question 8

Reasons for krushchevs fall, economy

Answer 8

-failure of virgin lands scheme, food shortages
-decision to promote consumer goods production
-wanted to reduce expenditure on conventional weapons

Question 9

Reasons for krushchevs fall, politics

Answer 9

-widespread disapproval at his handling of cuban missile crisis and relationship with communist china
-renewal of central committee at elections

Question 10

Reasons for krushchev’s fall, personality

Answer 10

-meddled in matters where he lacked expertise
-nepotism, advanced his son-in-law
-failed to take advice, over-bearing attitude
-embarrassing behaviour, banged table with shoe 1960 at UN general assembly