Wars/rebellions (post '75) Flashcards
what and when was the Bacon Rebellion?
1676- the first rebellion in the American colonies
the price of tobacco in Virginia fell after the restoration, discontent with the colony governor
put down by William Berkeley- shows Charles the colony needed to come under more direct control
when was the Glorious Revolution? who came into power?
1688-1702
William of Orange and Mary- William III
was William welcomed by the colonies?
no- revolts happened as a result
when was the New York Revolution? what was it also known as?
1689-1691- Leisler’s Rebellion
took place in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution and the Boston Revolt
Leisler seized control of the colony’s south, after royal authority was restored, the colony was still split in two
what did the New York Rebellion reflect?
colonial resentment against the policies of James II
what and when was the Boston Revolt?
1689- uprising against the governor of the Dominion of New England, Edmund Andros
he annoyed the people by enforcing the Navigation Acts, denying the validity of land titles, restricting town meetings, appointed unpopular officers to lead colonial militia and promoted the CofE
when was the Nine Years’ War? what was the war fought in NA? (incl. Caribbean)
1688-1697
King William’s War
what were the causes of the Nine Years’ War?
Louis XIV of France wanted to expand in Europe, fought against the Grand Alliance which was England, the Dutch and the Holy Roman Empire- wanted to restrict his expansion and policy (invade to expand)
what were the events of King William’s War?
small scale conflict- French and English land were too far away from each other
tension over the fur trade in the 1690s
the Natives were drawn into the war
fighting in the Caribbean consisted of English privateers attacking French ships, raiding their islands and burning their plantations
what was the Treaty of Rhyswick?
signed in 1697- boundaries between New England and New France remained largely unchanged, French remained in control of the Hudson Bay Area, therefore still had control of the fur trade
England spent 10% of the national income per year fighting
crown was worried about the vulnerability of the Caribbean colonies
Quebec remained with the French
why did the English strengthen its navy?
the French captured the Smyrna convoy during the Nine Years’ War which cost England 3% of its GDP
the navy could not stop two small scale invasions by the Duke of Monmouth and the Duke of Argyll in 1685
when was the United Kingdom formed?
1707 the United Kingdom was formed- a single government and parliament united England and Scotland
when was the War of Spanish Succession? what was the war in NA? (incl. Caribbean)
1701-1714
Queen Anne’s War
what were the causes of the War of Spanish Succession?
the death of Charles II, he had no heirs, Louis XIV wanted to unite France and Spain (the Duke of Anjou was related to both the Spanish and French thrones) which would create a massive power imbalance- England, Portugal and the Holy Roman Empire united and fought against French/Spanish
what were the events in Queen Anne’s War?
English and French fighting over the fur trade/Hudson Bay Area, raided each other’s settlements
in the Caribbean, Rear Admiral Wager attacked the Spanish fleet in Porto Bello and stole large amounts of Spanish Treasure
when was the Treaty of Utrecht signed? why was it significant for the British empire?
1713- Philip was to remain king of Spain but could not longer be in line for the French throne, making the union of France and Spain under one ruler impossible
Britain gained a significant amount of land:
-Newfoundland
-Nova Scotia peninsula
-Hudson Bay Area (fur trade)
-Minorca
-Gibraltar
-the French of St. Kitts
‘assiento’ with the Spanish- transportation of 4800 slaves a year to Spanish America, as well as one ship trading normal commodities
what was the Cruisers and Convoys Act? when was it signed? why was it important?
1708- the navy was duty bound to police the trade routes and protect the merchant fleet from pirates, privateers or the Spanish and French navies
English foothold in the Mediterranean- control of trade routes in the Middle East and India
eventually led to the control of the Suez Canal and acquisition of Cyprus and Malta
what was the ‘two-power standard?’
also known as the ‘gunboat diplomacy’- the British navy was the diplomat, negotiator, warmonger and peacemaker all at once and this led to peace for 24 years and during this time Britain further consolidated its imperial and economic position
the fleet was twice the size of the combined French/Spanish fleets
