War in the Pacific & 2nd World War at Home Flashcards
Bushido Ideology?
Death before SURRENDERRR!!!! / No honor if surrender
What did Japanese think of themselves compared to other asians?
They were superior to other asians
Which countries did Japan fight between 1895 and 1910?
China & Russia / Japan annexed Korea & won wars against both nations.
What was the September 18 Incident?
Staged explosion near Shenyang (Mukden) used as a catalyst for Japan’s invasion of Manchuria.
What Army attacked the Chinese in Manchuria?
The Guandong Army
What puppet state did Japan establish in 1932?
Manchukuo, controlled by Japan but presented as an independent nation.
How did the Great Depression affect Japan?
Increased Japan’s need for natural resources - lead to aggressive territorial expansion.
What did Chiang Kai-shek & Zhang Xueliang do after Japan invaded Manchuria?
Appealed to the League of Nations for help
What was the Stimson Doctrine?
U.S. refused to recognize any state established thru Japanese aggression.
What was the result of the investigation into Japan’s invasion of Manchuria?
The Bulwer-Lytton Commission found Japan guilty & demanded a return of Manchuria to China.
What atrocities did Japanese forces commit in Nanking?
Mass killings & rape of 200k - 300k civilians & soldiers.
What other territories did Japan take over before WWII?
French Indochina & other parts of Southeast Asia.
Why did Japan sign a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union?
To avoid conflict w/ USSR while focusing on expansion elsewhere.
How did the U.S. respond to Japan’s expansion?
Froze Japanese assets & cut off oil shipments.
What happened to U.S. & Filipino prisoners after Japan took the Philippines?
Forrced to march 80 miles w/ out food or water, leading to thousands of deaths.
Outcome of attack on Pearl Harbor?
11 battleships, 200 aircraft & 2,500 U.S. soldiers lost / Aircraft carriers survived tho!!
What was the U.S. military strategy in the Pacific?
Capture key islands w/ airstrips while bypassing others.
Why was the Battle of the Philippine Sea significant?
Largest air battle of WWII, where U.S. destroyed 75% of Japanese aircraft.
What event forced Japan to surrender?
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
What was the Manhattan Project?
U.S. secret program to develop the atomic bomb, led by Oppenheimer.
How did WWII affect the U.S. economy?
Gave an extra boost to an already recovering economy.
Which industries received the most funding during WWII?
Defense & military industries received the most money.
What role did the U.S. play in global food supply during WWII?
U.S. became “food pantry” for the world, supplying food to war-torn countries.
How did Ford contribute to the war effort?
Started making trucks, jeeps, tanks, etc.
How did the gov fund the war through taxation?
Increased income tax to pay for war expenses
What were war bonds?
Essentially loaning money to the government, which was repaid later to the peeps
What is one way the Gov promoted war bonds?
Used War Heros to popularize them.
How was rationing during WWII
Gov imposed but peeps were doing it voluntary.
How ration cards work?
Peeps use them like coupons
How did communities contribute to food supply?
Families had victory gardens to be more self-sufficient
Why were volunteers denied military service?
Many were needed for support roles on the home front.
How did WWII change women’s roles at home?
Took on factory jobs, led community efforts, and participated in USO shows. / W in Red Cross became nurses
What was the Bracero Program?
Labor agreement (1942-1964) that brought Mexican workers to U.S. for ag & railroads.
Q: What was Executive Order 8802?
1st diversity & inclusion program, banning discrimination based on race & religion in defense industries.
Long-term effects of the Bracero Program?
Encouraged Mexican migration, reinforced migrant farm work, & expanded the Mexican presence in the U.S.
What was the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion?
A All-Black & Hispanic women’s unit that cleared a 7-million-piece mail backlog in Europe.
What was Executive Order 9066?
Created exclusion zones, forcing Japanese Americans into internment camps.
