Roaring 20s & Great Depression Flashcards
What economic concept contributed to the increase in consumerism in America?
Taylorism / scientific management rules by Frederick Taylor increased efficiency & productivity.
What is the significance of the term ‘Mrs. Consumer’ as discussed by Christine?
90% of purchases made by women / highlights role of women n consumerism & how marketing strategies target them.
What cultural movement emerged among African Americans in response to their social circumstances? (GD)
Harlem Renaissance / celebrated AA culture & pushed for civil rights & education.
What was the Great Migration?
Movement of African Americans to the North & California / Led to new AA middle class
What music genre is considered an original American art form that emerged during this period?
Jazz / major cultural expression that blended AA & European musical traditions.
What term did African Americans adopt to describe their new identity during the Harlem Renaissance?
New Negro / reflected shift in identity & cultural pride among AAs
What was a major new form of entertainment that emerged in the 1920s?
Movies / Film industry saw major growth during 20s / Many Jewish peeps contributed to development.
T or F: The radio became a major source of news and entertainment in the 1920s.
True / (1930) 50% of households owned a radio
What impact did sports radio have on fan engagement?
Expanded who could be a fan / Radio broadcasts allowed fans to follow games & players - increased popularity of sports.
Who was Jack Dempsey?
Heavyweight Boxing champion & first celebrity of 1920s / Helped make boxing popular
Fill in the blank: The scandal involving eight players who agreed to throw the World Series is known as the _______.
Black Sox scandal / Rocked baseball wrld & raised concerns about da integrity of the sport.
What historic flight did Charles Lindbergh complete in May 1927?
First nonstop flight from NYC to Paris / Took 33 hrs & showcased advancements in aviation tech
What was the cultural phenomenon of ‘The Nightlife’ during this period?
Explosive popularity of nightlife activities
Who were the ‘flappers’?
New gen of women taking agency n their lives / Flappers challenged traditional gender roles & societal norms.
What was the Comstock Law?
Law preventing distribution of obscene materials / Reflected societal attitudes towards sexuality & censorship in late 19th century.
What does the term ‘Lost Generation’ refer to?
Writers disillusioned by World War I & societal changes / Explored themes of nihilism & consequences of consumerism in their works.
What tragic event occurred in June 1921 in the Greenwood District of Tulsa?
Tulsa Race Massacre / Involved violent destruction of a prosperous AA community / Lead to major loss of life & property.
What sparked the violence during the Tulsa Race Massacre?
False rape accusations & then an accidental firing of a gun
How did the government respond during the Tulsa Race Massacre?
Sent National Guard to protect white residents / further separated the black community & failed to address violence against them.
What was the aftermath of the Tulsa Race Massacre for the black community?
Majority became homeless w/ no white individuals jailed / Destruction of Greenwood left many black families w/ out homes/resources / Many left, some stayed
Fill in the blank: The Greenwood District was also known as _______.
Black Wall Street / reflects area’s status as prosperous AA community before the massacre.
What is an economic slowdown?
Decrease n economic activity cuz of factors like saturation of products & harder job availability / characterized by reduced consumer demand & increased unemployment.
What event marked the origin of the Great Depression?
Stock Market crash - Oct 1929 resulted n loss of $10 billion in hours / = 100 billlion today
What is ‘Black Tuesday’?
Day stock market truly crashed / helped begin Great Depression (GD)
What was the banking crisis during the Great Depression?
Banks couldn’t meet withdrawal demands, lead to bank closures / Not cause GD - Exposed deep econimcic issues
What percentage of Americans were unemployed during the Great Depression?
25%
What was Herbert Hoover’s approach to the Great Depression?
Thought it was temp & advocated for volunteerism & limited gov intervention / conservative policies were ineffective
What were shanty towns during the Great Depression?
Hoovervilles, where homeless people lived / reflected dire econimic conditions
What was the Dust Bowl?
Massive dust storms caused by poor ag practices & drought / Affecte Great Plains & beyond
Who were the ‘Okies’?
Migrants from Tx, Ok, and Ark who moved west due to the Dust Bowl / Many went to Cali for Ag opportuinties
What was the Bonus Army?
Group of 15,000 WWI vets who petitioned for early payment of bonuses / Set up tent city in D.C.
What was President Hoover’s reaction to the Bonus Army?
Ordered U.S. Army to disperse them, lead to violence / Further tarnished Hoover’s rep
Who won the election of 1932?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) / Partly due to public dislike towards Hoover
What was the significance of FDR’s ‘First 100 Days’?
15 major legislative acts to address GD / used as benchmark for prez effectiveness / relief, recovery, reform
What was the Glass-Steagall Act?
Legislation that separated commercial & investment banking / part of reform
What was the purpose of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?
Insure deposits in commercial banks, increasing public confidence / To prevent bank runs
Fill in the blank: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was part of FDR’s _______.
Relief programs / provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects
What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?
Aimed to raise farm prices by reducing crop production / Wanted artifical scarcity to boost demand
What does the Wagner Act protect?
The rights of workers, including protection against unjust firings and layoffs
