WAR AND RADICALISM: FIRST CIVIL WAR ROYALIST CAUSE 1 Flashcards
(16 cards)
English civil war satistics
180k men died 3.4% of pop, 22 battles involving 5k men, some battles involivg 50k men
royalist early advantage:
c.1 legitimate stauts
c.1 unified command
c.1 gained support due to his legitimate status, expected loyalty from majority of the pop, even many who was sympathetic to p cause supporting the king as their duty
c.1 army unified command> however c.1 not strong tactical and man manager, p forces less unified only in 1645 when single unified structure created
reasons for outbreak of first civil war
breakdown in relations 1625-9
personal rule
1st session long p
catholic rebellion outbreak in ireland
second session long p
c.1 attempt arrest 5 members
royalist early advantage
donations
c.1 mroe experienced generals leading army
some wealth aristocrats supported donations eg Newcastle 900k(not longer term), 1653 p set of ordinances guarennting substianntal income
c.1 more experiences generals leading the army>prince ruper, p= earl of Essex and earl montague
royalist early advantage
c.1 aim
c.1 aim was to capture London which was an advantage as relegate all focus to capturing land, but splits in the party with war and peace party
p aim less clear they had to force c.1 neogotiaons but not all p agreed= division emerges 1643
royalist early advantage
c.1 control of
north and west England, north main source of coal( Newcastle)
west main source of tin (Cornwall)
however poorer regions so less opportunity for taxation
clear aims meant going well for royals
battle of edge hill 1942
c.1 set of with his army to London, but clashed with earl of essex= royalist cavalry effectively swept parlimenterains but didn’t take advantage of the situation, palriemnt able to halt royalist at Turnham Green, where an effective blockade stopped royalist advance. c.1 forced to turn back so set up milaiitry capital at OXFROD
Oxford : advantage
central administrative centre for future military campaigns and effective command structure, c.1 could orchestrate war form their and assert his authority over his followers
1643 campaign
central stratgdey of capturing London was three proved attack> king/army at ocfrod, Horton army at south west, marques of Newcastle north
3 pronged attakc of 1643 campaign gained royals advantage
royalist forced won at Walton moor, giving control of Yorkshire, battle of landsown and round way down allowed Rupert to take Bristol
Irish recruited by Bristol after 3 pronged attack
protestant iris in his army under the command fo earl of Normand, had to be done in piecemeal fashion due to p and control of navy (royalist disadvanatge)
not the best fighting force, c.1 had to make concessions with Catholic for this .
divisions between royalist:
war
henretia Maria/rupert: total submission of palriemnt, all out victory
divisions between roayslit:
peace
earl of Clarendon: moderate settlement
Oxford treaty 1643
royalist and palriemnt realised this wasn’t a swift war, p knew r was in a better position than them militarily.
negionaisn between both sides, c.1 granted them allowances to deliver concusses with them> however c.1 no sign of accepting these and stalled them until march
as royalist winning and devalued mindset of martyrdom
c.1 then took a back turn as garrison didn’t surrender as p relif force drafted them at first battle of newlbry
weakness of royalist forces:
c.1 not the most talented in the battle fiedl
lacked foreign aid
not based in capital so laced recourses, milaiitry men, arsenal
no control over main key ports
money from traidonal levies ran out 1644
c.1 then provided palriemnt with
a motivating fact and assurance than an all out miltiiayr victory was only way the war was to cease
