War And Peace

Question 1

When concerning religious justification of war, what was the Islamic view?

Answer 1

That war can be justified on some occasions based on jihad.
Jihad is concerned with a personal spirit within an individual for overcoming the forces of evil which prevent them from being close to God.
The Quran States that “those who believe, who strive in the course of God with their wealth and their persons, are the ones that are successful”.
There is also another way that Islam believed it was okay to fight, the outer jihad, this is that idea that Muslims are allowed to fight considering it is for the reasons to fight oppression, establish justice and in cases of self defence. However this does have strict rules of how war should and should not be conducted eg, it must be authorised by a religious leader.

Question 2

What did is outter jihad?

Answer 2

Outer jihad is the idea that war can take place in circumstances of oppression, to establish justice and in cases of self defence.

Question 3

What is jihad?

Answer 3

It is concerned with personal spiritual within an individual for overcoming the forces of evil that are preventing them from being close to God.

Question 4

When following the outer jihad in war, give one example as to how it must be conducted?

Answer 4

It has to be authorised by an religious leader.

Question 5

Concerning religious justification of war in Islam what did the Quran say?

Answer 5

“Those who believe, who strive in the course of God with their wealth and their persons, are the ones that are successful”

Question 6

What is holy war an idea of?

Answer 6

A good Reason to go to war.

Question 7

How is holy war caused?

Answer 7

By religious differences, it can be between one country with different religions or two different country’s with different religions. Or it could be by a religiously motivated group trying to spread a weariness through violence.

Question 8

What does holy war have at the Center of its beleifes?

Answer 8

Religion and that God is involved

Question 9

What are the 3 elements as to why religion and gods presence are the Center to holy war?

Answer 9

• the achievement of a religious goal
• it MUST be authorised by an religious leader.
• finally a spiritual rewards from God to all those who took part (heaven)

Question 10

What is just war theory in favour of and what does it provide us with?

Answer 10

It is in favour of war and provides us with reasons as to why war can be sometimes justified..

Question 11

Who was the just war theory created by ?

Answer 11

Augustine , who advocated the Christian form of the just war theory.

Question 12

How many principles did the just war theory provide ?

Answer 12

It provided 9 principles 6 concerned with the beginning of the war and 3 concerning the conduct of war.

Question 13

What are 3 of the principles before war that Augustine suggested

Answer 13

1) just cause ,to protect innocent lives, to secure justice and to protect basic human rights.
2) just authority, just war can only be just if it is declared by the government or ruler of the state with the legitimate authority eg. Prime minister

Question 14

What is jus ad Bellum?

Answer 14

Concerned with the beginning of war.

Question 15

What is jus in bello?

Answer 15

The conduct of war and acceptable behaviour within a just war.

Question 16

What are the 2 principles of a jus in bello war?

Answer 16

• proportionality, the used during war must be proportional to the other and once war ends everything must stop.
• warfare protection! Civilians should be protected.

Question 17

What is Christian pacifism?

Answer 17

Christian pacifists follow the teachings of Jesus. And believe that we should always turn the other cheek and seek more peaceful ways to solving disputes. “love your enemie as yourself, do u to others what you would have unto you” .

Question 18

Name 2 pacifist Christian groups?

Answer 18

Pax Christian- a pacifist Christian group within the Roman Catholic Church.

Quakers- a society of friends, it the most famous for the first pacifist movement by George fox in the 1640’s.

Question 19

Name ONE pacifist? And what does his role mean

Answer 19

Ghandi -
“an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind”
He was a non-violence pacifist, a peace leader and campaigner, aimed to persuade enemies to settle disputes peacefully, took part in non violent protest, demonstrations, fasting and hunger strikes.

Question 20

When concerning pacifism what was the quote of Bertrand Russell ?

Answer 20

“Patriots always talk of dying for their country but never killing for their country”.

Question 21

What is the definition of a pacifist ?

Answer 21

Pacifism, is the belief that all forms f violence are unacceptable and any disputes should be solved peacefully.

Question 22

Concerning religous justification to war, what does Christianity believe?

Answer 22

That war is okay in some circumstances
The bible teaches that war is okay and it is not agains other people or religions but is against the spirit of evil.
Jesus taught war was okay, he believed that we should be prepared for the great battle between the people of God and the forces of evil.
St. Paul also agreed with war, he said “take up your shield of faith which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one, and take the helmet of salvation and the sword of spirit, which is the word of God”.

Question 23

What is the definition of pacifism?

Answer 23

Is the belief that all forms of violence are unnecessary and we should seek peaceful ways to solve conflict.

Question 24

What is a conscientious objector?

Answer 24

This is what a pacifist might become in times of war , it’s when a person refuses to fight for their state as it goes against their conscience.

Question 25

What three things do pacifists believe?

Answer 25

1) humans have a responsibility to promote less violence within the world.
2) humans have intrinsic worth.
3) the economic loss and loss of life it just too great therefore war should just be abandoned.

Question 26

What are the 4 types of pacifism?

Answer 26

Relative - was is okay in some circumstances as it is the lesser of 2 evils.
Active- meaning engaging in political activity and campaigns to promote peace.
Absolute- no war is acceptable, no wars can be justified.
Nuclear pacifism- opposed to all wars that include wmd as the devastating effects are too much.

Question 27

What two ethical theories propose ideas against war?

Answer 27

Situation ethics

Utilitarianism

Question 28

Why does utilitarianism show ideas that war is not acceptable?

Answer 28

• the greatest good for the greatest number.

- you become what you practise

Question 29

How does situation ethics show ideas that are against the ideas of war?

Answer 29

• Agape
• Jesus’ teachings
• the most loving thing to do
• the golden rule

Question 30

Name 3 no religious reasons against war?

Answer 30

Economic cost- war costs the country and the world a lot of money.
Human rights- war takes away allot of your human rights, such as the right to safety the right to pray and the right to life.
Death- the mass of death is to much for there to be a positive end

Question 31

What is jus post Bellum?

Answer 31

It is concerned with the justice of peace agreements and the ending of war. New area of just war tradition concerned about restoring peace after war. Eg. Restoring human rights and establishing financial compensation.