War And Peace Flashcards
When concerning religious justification of war, what was the Islamic view?
That war can be justified on some occasions based on jihad.
Jihad is concerned with a personal spirit within an individual for overcoming the forces of evil which prevent them from being close to God.
The Quran States that “those who believe, who strive in the course of God with their wealth and their persons, are the ones that are successful”.
There is also another way that Islam believed it was okay to fight, the outer jihad, this is that idea that Muslims are allowed to fight considering it is for the reasons to fight oppression, establish justice and in cases of self defence. However this does have strict rules of how war should and should not be conducted eg, it must be authorised by a religious leader.
What did is outter jihad?
Outer jihad is the idea that war can take place in circumstances of oppression, to establish justice and in cases of self defence.
What is jihad?
It is concerned with personal spiritual within an individual for overcoming the forces of evil that are preventing them from being close to God.
When following the outer jihad in war, give one example as to how it must be conducted?
It has to be authorised by an religious leader.
Concerning religious justification of war in Islam what did the Quran say?
“Those who believe, who strive in the course of God with their wealth and their persons, are the ones that are successful”
What is holy war an idea of?
A good Reason to go to war.
How is holy war caused?
By religious differences, it can be between one country with different religions or two different country’s with different religions. Or it could be by a religiously motivated group trying to spread a weariness through violence.
What does holy war have at the Center of its beleifes?
Religion and that God is involved
What are the 3 elements as to why religion and gods presence are the Center to holy war?
- the achievement of a religious goal
- it MUST be authorised by an religious leader.
- finally a spiritual rewards from God to all those who took part (heaven)
What is just war theory in favour of and what does it provide us with?
It is in favour of war and provides us with reasons as to why war can be sometimes justified..
Who was the just war theory created by ?
Augustine , who advocated the Christian form of the just war theory.
How many principles did the just war theory provide ?
It provided 9 principles 6 concerned with the beginning of the war and 3 concerning the conduct of war.
What are 3 of the principles before war that Augustine suggested
1) just cause ,to protect innocent lives, to secure justice and to protect basic human rights.
2) just authority, just war can only be just if it is declared by the government or ruler of the state with the legitimate authority eg. Prime minister
What is jus ad Bellum?
Concerned with the beginning of war.
What is jus in bello?
The conduct of war and acceptable behaviour within a just war.
What are the 2 principles of a jus in bello war?
- proportionality, the used during war must be proportional to the other and once war ends everything must stop.
- warfare protection! Civilians should be protected.
What is Christian pacifism?
Christian pacifists follow the teachings of Jesus. And believe that we should always turn the other cheek and seek more peaceful ways to solving disputes. “love your enemie as yourself, do u to others what you would have unto you” .
Name 2 pacifist Christian groups?
Pax Christian- a pacifist Christian group within the Roman Catholic Church.
Quakers- a society of friends, it the most famous for the first pacifist movement by George fox in the 1640’s.
Name ONE pacifist? And what does his role mean
Ghandi -
“an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind”
He was a non-violence pacifist, a peace leader and campaigner, aimed to persuade enemies to settle disputes peacefully, took part in non violent protest, demonstrations, fasting and hunger strikes.
When concerning pacifism what was the quote of Bertrand Russell ?
“Patriots always talk of dying for their country but never killing for their country”.
What is the definition of a pacifist ?
Pacifism, is the belief that all forms f violence are unacceptable and any disputes should be solved peacefully.
Concerning religous justification to war, what does Christianity believe?
That war is okay in some circumstances
The bible teaches that war is okay and it is not agains other people or religions but is against the spirit of evil.
Jesus taught war was okay, he believed that we should be prepared for the great battle between the people of God and the forces of evil.
St. Paul also agreed with war, he said “take up your shield of faith which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one, and take the helmet of salvation and the sword of spirit, which is the word of God”.
What is the definition of pacifism?
Is the belief that all forms of violence are unnecessary and we should seek peaceful ways to solve conflict.
What is a conscientious objector?
This is what a pacifist might become in times of war , it’s when a person refuses to fight for their state as it goes against their conscience.
