WANs

Question 1

What is a network that connects computers and other devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings called?

Answer 1

LAN (Local Area Network)

Question 2

What is a geographically distributed network that connects multiple Local Area Networks together called?

Answer 2

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Question 3

What is a network that connects computers and other devices in a geographic area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN called?

Answer 3

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Question 4

This provides a virtual tunnel between private networks across a share public network such as the internet

Answer 4

VPN

Question 5

True or False: Traffic travelling over VPN tunnels is unencrypted

Answer 5

False. It’s encrypted

Question 6

Site to Site VPNs typically use what type of encryption?

Answer 6

IPSec

Question 7

Connections between a router or firewall in the office and VPN software installed on an individual user’s device is called what?

Answer 7

Remote Access VPN

Question 8

What type of encryption do Remote Access VPNs typically use?

Answer 8

SSL but sometimes they use IPSec

Question 9

This is an open standard configuration for a site to site VPN and it does not support multicast

Answer 9

IPSec Tunnel

Question 10

This type of VPN configuration added support for multicast but doesn’t support encryption on it’s own so it has to be paired with IPSec Tunnel

Answer 10

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) over IPSec Tunnel

Question 11

This type of VPN configuration is used between Cisco devices, often site to site VPNs and is Cisco proprietary and supports multicast

Answer 11

IPSec VTI (Virtual Tunnel Interface)

Question 12

This type of VPN configuration is a simple and scalable hub and spoke style that enables direct full mesh connectivity between all offices

Answer 12

DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN)

Question 13

Very similar to DMVPN. Newer technology and it’s Cisco proprietary

Answer 13

FlexVPN

Question 14

This configuration has centralized policy for VPN over non-public infrastructure (not the internet)

Answer 14

GETVPN (Group Encrypted Transport VPN)

Question 15

This is a dedicated physical connection between two locations with fixed, reserved bandwidth which is not shared by anyone else.

Answer 15

Leased Line

Question 16

This type of WAN connection uses a serial connection requiring the correct physical interface card on the router

Answer 16

Leased Line

Question 17

This type of WAN connection share the same characteristics as a leased line, typically more expensive and low bandwidth. May be the only option is hard to reach areas

Answer 17

Satellite

Question 18

This type of WAN connection has T1, T2, T3 and T4

Answer 18

Leased Line

Question 19

What does MPLS stand for?

Answer 19

Multi Protocol Label Switching

Question 20

This type of WAN connection is where traffic from multiple customers can travel over the provider’s shared network, so this is considered a VPN service

Answer 20

MPLS

Question 21

MPLS VPNs provide this type of topology by default

Answer 21

Full Mesh

Question 22

Leased Lines use what kind of link?

Answer 22

Point to Point

Question 23

In regards to MPLS what do these stand for?

CE
PE
P

Answer 23

CE - Customer Edge Device
PE - Provider Edge Device
P - Provider Core Device

Question 24

True or False: Customer Edge devices run MPLS

Answer 24

False. Only the Provider Edge and Provider Core devices run MPLS

Question 25

With MPLS, what devices do static routes and routing protocols run on?

Answer 25

Customer Edge device and the Provider Edge Device

Question 26

With MPLS, are the customer's devices oblivious to the providers core devices?

Answer 26

Yes. They only see the Providers edge device but not their core device

Question 27

What is different about Layer 3 MPLS vs. Layer 2 MPLS?

Answer 27

The CE devices do not peer with the PE devices. The entire provider network is transparent to the customer

Question 28

What does VPLS stand for and how many sites can it support and what layer does it run at?

Answer 28

- Virtual Private LAN Service - 2 or more sites - Layer 2

Question 29

What does VPWS stand for and how many sites can it support and what layer does it reside at?

Answer 29

Virtual PsuedoWire Service 2 sites point to point Layer 2

Question 30

What does PPPoE stand for and what deployments is it typically used for?

Answer 30

Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet normally used in DSL deployments

Question 31

What does DSL stand for?

Answer 31

Digital Subscriber Line

Question 32

What is the standard used in North America for service provider optical fiber networks?

Answer 32

SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)

Question 33

What is the standard used in the rest of the world for service provider optical fiber networks?

Answer 33

SDH

Question 34

What does DWDM stand for and what does it do?

Answer 34

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Combines multiple optical signals into one signal transmitted over a single fiber strand

Question 35

____________ allows more capacity to be added to existing infrastructure without expensive upgrades and allows more capacity to be added to existing infrastructure

Answer 35

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

Question 36

What are three backup solutions for corporate offices that might be typically aimed at home internet users?

Answer 36

DSL Cable Wireless (4G, LTE, 5G)

Question 37

This type of WAN connection is more suitable for longer distance rathe than using copper wire

Answer 37

Optical Fiber

Question 38

What does **FTTx** stand for?

Answer 38

**Fiber to the X:** Home Premises Building Neighborhood

Question 39

Identify the topology based on the scenario: Simplistic, centralized security policy with one router being the hub that all traffic flows through for other sites

Answer 39

Hub and Spoke

Question 40

What are the disadvantages of a hub and spoke?

Answer 40

Single point of failure and suboptimal traffic flow

Question 41

**Identify the topology based on the scenario:** Removes the single point of failure by adding another hub to the topology, yet all traffic from other sites still flow these centralized hubs

Answer 41

Redundant Hub and Spoke

Question 42

**Identify the topology based on the scenario:** All sites have a direct path to every other site resulting in optimal traffic flow

Answer 42

Full Mesh

Question 43

**Identify the topology based on the scenario:** Similar to Hub and Spoke but one spoke site has connectivity to another through a leased line rather than having to go to the hub to get where it needs to go

Answer 43

Partial Mesh

Question 44

**Identify this internet redundancy option:** Single service provider router to a customer router

Answer 44

Single Homed

Question 45

**Identify this internet redundancy option:** Two service provider routers to two customer routers

Answer 45

Dual Homed

Question 46

**Identify this internet redundancy option:** Two separate service providers and their routers going to the same customer's routers

Answer 46

Multi-homed

Question 47

**Identify this internet redundancy option:** Full mesh of two separate service providers going to two customer routers

Answer 47

Dual Multi-homed