TCP/IP Stack and OSI Model Flashcards
What is the OSI Model?
A standard architecture that defines network communications
True or False: The OSI Model is a competing standard to the TCP/IP Model?
True
What are the 7 layers of the OSI Model?
- Physical Layer
- Datalink Layer
- Network Layer
- Session Layer
- Transport Layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application Layer
What layer does the network aware application reside?
Layer 7 - Application
DNS and DHCP reside at which layer of the OSI Model?
Layer 7 - Application
Which layer synchronizes and establishes and agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity?
Layer 7 - Application
What layer generifies a request into something that is more understandable for computers to understand?
Layer 6 - Presentation
HTML, JPEG, MP3 live on this layer
Layer 6 - Presentation
This layer formats and uses generic encryption for data
Layer 6 - Presentation
SSL Encryption happens at this layer
Layer 6 - Presentation
This layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts
Layer 5 - Session
This layer manages the session with Keep Alive to keep the session running
Layer 5 - Session
The Application, Presentation and the Session layers are known as the ________________ layers
Computer
What are the two major functions of the Transport layer
Establishing the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.) and the port that that protocol will use
This layer breaks down large files into smaller segments that are less likely to incur transmission problems
Layer 4 - Transport
True or False: Flow control is the process of adjusting the flow of data from the sender to ensure that the receiving host can handle all of it
True
What layer does Flow Control live at?
Layer 4 - Transport
What is session multiplexing?
The process of tracking and keeping control of the different sessions on a host
This layer defines services to segment, transfer and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices
Layer 4 - Transport
This layer tells the data where to go
Layer 3 - Network
This is the layer of logical addressing
Layer 3 - Network
This layer is responsible for QoS
Layer 3 - Network
IP Addresses live at this layer
Layer 3 - Network
What is TTL?
It’s Time to Live. It works to keep a packet from looping on forever
This layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks.
Layer 3 - Network
What is the maximum size of an ethernet packet by default
1500 byte MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)
This layer deal with the physical address
Layer 2 - Datalink
How many bits is a MAC Address?
48 bit hexadecimal
Frames live at this layer
Layer 2 - Datalink
Packets live at this layer
Layer 3 - Network
Segments reside on this layer
Layer 4 - Transport
Spanning Tree Protocol is used on which layer?
Layer 2 - Datalink
VLANS are used on which layer
Layer 2 - Datalink
This layer provides the hardware the means of sending and receiving data, including defining cables, interface cards and physical aspects
Layer 1 - Physical
This layer is typically known as the cabling layer
Layer 1 - Physical
This layer enables bit transmission between end devices
Layer 1 - Physical
Fiber lives at this layer
Layer 1 - Physical
The layer where everything gets converted to binary, on and off, electric on and off, light on and off, etc
Layer 1 - Physical
What is FCS and what does it do?
Frame Check Sequence. It is error detecting code added to a frame in the datalink layer
What process takes place during packet creation?
Encapsulation
What is a PDU?
Stands for Protocol Data Unit. It’s a chunk of data comprised of Data, Segments, Packets, Frames and Bits.
What is a typical packet comprised of?
FCS
Data
TCP/UDP Ports
Source IP
Destination IP
Source MAC
Destination MAC
Preamble
Length/Ethertype
Refers to interfaces between network and application software. Also includes authentication services
Layer 7 Application
Defines the format and organization of data. Includes encryption.
Layer 6 Presentation
Establishes and maintains end-to-end bidirectional flows between endpoints. Includes managing transaction flows.
Layer 5 Session
Provides a variety of services between two host computers, including connection establishment and termination, flow control, error recovery, and segmentation large data blocks into smaller parts for transmission
Layer 4 Transport
Refers to logical addressing, routing and path determination
Layer 3 Network
Formats data into frames appropriate for transmission onto some physical medium. Defines rules for when the medium can be used. Defines the means by which to recognize transmission errors
Layer 2 Datalink
Defines the electrical, optical, cabling connectors, and procedural details required for transmitting bits represented as some form of energy passing over a physical medium
Layer 1 Physical
What are the 4 TCP/IP Stack Layer?
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
As far as the TCP/IP Stack goes what function represents the data to the user and controls dialogue?
Application Layer
As far as the TCP/IP Stack goes what function supports communication between diverse devices across diverse networks?
Transport
As far as the TCP/IP Stack goes what function determines the best path through the network?
Internet
Provides the IP Address of a website or domain name so that a host can connect to it
DNS
As far as the TCP/IP Stack goes what function controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network?
Network Access
Enables administrators to log into a host from a remote location
Telnet
Facilitates the sending of email messages between clients and servers
SMTP, POP3 and IMAP
Assigns IP Addresses to requesting clients
DHCP
Transfers information between web clients and web servers
HTTP
Facilitates the download and upload of files between an FTP Client and an FTP server
FTP
Enables network management systems to monitor devices attached to the network
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Supports virtual connections between hosts on the network to provide reliable delivery of data
TCP
Supports faster, unreliable delivery of lightweight or time sensitive data
UDP
Provides a unique global address to computers for communicating over a network
IP
Finds a hosts hardware address when only the IP address is known
ARP
Sends error and control messages, including reachability of another host and availability of services
IMCP
Serves as the most popular LAN standard for framing and preparing data for transmission on the media
Ethernet
Includes both IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless WLANS and cellular access options
Wireless
What is the HTTP Request Succeeded Code?
200
This layer supports error recovery to the application layer through the use of basic acknowledgement
Transport
Function that enables receiving hosts to choose the correct application for which the data is destined, based on the destination port number
Multiplexing Using Ports
Process of numbering and acknowledging data with Sequence and Acknowledgement header fields
Error Recovery (Reliability)
Process that involves sliding window size that the two end devices dynamically agree upon at various point during the virtual connection. The window size, represented in bytes, is the maximum amount of data the source will send before receiving an acknowledgement from the destination
Flow control using windowing
Process used to initialize port numbers and Sequence and Acknowledgement fields
Connection establishment and termination
A continuous stream of bytes from an upper layer process that is “segmented” for transmission and delivered to upper layer processes at the receiving device, with the bytes in the same order
Ordered data transfer and data segmentation
What fields in the TCP header allow for error recovery?
Sequence and Acknowledgment fields
What is the process called for TCP handling the flow control process?
Windowing
What is added on to the Network Access header at the end of it?
Link trailer
The process of converting data into patterns of electrical, light, or electromagnetic energy so that it can be carried on the media
Encoding
What are the 3 basic forms are network media?
Copper Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Wireless