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Network > WAN Infrastructure 9 > Flashcards

WAN Infrastructure 9 Flashcards

0
Q

Features of ATM

A

Bandwidth options
Types of traffic. Carry data voice and video simultaneously
Fixed cell size. 53 byte cell size
QoS. Built in
Traffic contracting and shaping. Will not contract more services than it can provide.
Real time and non real time data support.

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1
Q

In reference to WAN technologies what is ATM

A

Asynchronous Transfer Mode
A cell switching network technology that supports high speed transfer of voice, video, and data in LANs, WANs, and telephone networks. A connection oriented protocol. Offers reliable QoS
Versatile and high bandwidth available
Info is transferred in fixed size packets called cells each consisting of 53 bytes. ATM networks are ,are up of switches which transport data cells among networks. Used for video on demand, high speed data transfer, teleconferencing, remote sensing, 3-D interactive simulations and teleinstruction

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2
Q

What is frame relay in WAN

A

a WAN protocol than functions at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model. It is a packet switched technology that transmits data using virtual circuits. Difficult ensuring QoS

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3
Q

X.25 switched networks

A

A legacy packet switching network technology developed to move data across less than reliable long distance public carriers. Implemented on top of leased lines

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4
Q

What is MPLS

A

Multiprotocol Label Switching
A high performance multi-service switching technology in use in data packet networks.
In MPLS network routers add a label to each incoming data packet and forward the packet along a predefined path based in a label rather than the destination IP address.
Can transport data from different technologies and protocols such as IP, ATM, Frame Relay, Synchronous Optical Network SONET and Ethernet. Hence multiprotocol.

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5
Q

What is DSL

A

Digital Subscriber Line
A point to point public network across broadband internet connection method that transmits digital signals over existing phone lines.
Upward speed of 1.5 Mbps
Many different types.
Two main asymmetric. ADSL most popular. Access internet and receive calls simultaneously. More Downstream than upstream bandwidth
Symmetric. SDSL. Same download and upload speed

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6
Q

What is PSTN

A

Public Switched Telephone Network

International telephone system that carries analog voice data.

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7
Q

what is ISDN

A

Integrated Services Digital Network

A digital circuit switching technology that carriers both voice and data over digital phone lines or PSTN wires.

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8
Q

What are channels

A

Use multiple communication channels tied logically together to combine all of their individual bandwidths together to make one channel with a lot of bandwidth.

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9
Q

What is T-Carrier systems

A

A digital and packet switched system designed to carry multiplexed telephone connections.
More scalable than analog. Use twisted pairs of copper wires. First pair for transmission second pair for reception. Support full duplex communications
T1 & T3 most common

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10
Q

What are digital signal DS services.

A

A hierarchy of different digital signals that transfer data at different rates.

DSH digital signal hierarchy. T-carrier system most common implementation. A channelized data transmission standard used to multiplex several single data or voice channels for greater total bandwidth.

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11
Q

What are digital network hierarchies

A

The Plesiochronous Digital hierarchy PDH and the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH
PDH networks carry data over fibre optic or microwave radio systems
SDH data moves on an optical fiber using LEDs basic data transmission occurs at a rate of 155.5Mbps

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12
Q

What is SONET

A

Synchronous Optical Network
A standard for synchronous data transport over a fiber optic cable. The U.S. Version of SDH
has two specs. The OC spec for fiber optic cabling and the STS spec for copper wire
Deployed in a self healing dual fiber ring topology similar to FDDI
divided into three areas each controlled by an integrated management system. Local collector ring, regional network and broadband backbone network

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13
Q

The optical carrier system

A

OCx
Standard specifies the bandwidth for fiber optic transmissions.
A channelized technology
Open ended enabling manufacturers to add spec as they develop hardware that supports faster transmission speeds

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14
Q

What are satellite transmission systems STS

A

A satellite based network offering immense geographical coverage allowing for high speed connections anywhere in the world to transmit data between endpoints
Uses line of sight microwave transmissions
Consists of two segments.
Space and ground.

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15
Q

List some satellite services

A

Satellite internet example of direct unbounded WAN transmission
Satellite phone network
Satellite television
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal. Telecommunication earth station consisting of an antenna to transmit and receive signals from satellites
GPS Global Positioning System navigation system with a network of 27 satellites. 24 active 3 stand by

16
Q

What is WWAN

A

Wireless Wide Area Network
Uses wireless network technology to allow users to check email, surf the web and connect to corporate resources accessible within wireless network boundaries.

17
Q

What is LTE

A

Long Term Evolution
A radio technology for wireless broadband access. Backwards compatible with GSM and HSPA to enable users to make voice calls and have access to data networks even when they are in areas without coverage

18
Q

What is HSPA

A

High Speed Packet Access

Refers to a family of technologies which offer high speed data rate services in mobile networks.

19
Q

What is WiMAX

A

Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access
A packet based wireless telecommunications technology that provides wireless broadband access over long distances. Base on the IEEE 802.16 standard. Intended for wireless MANs
Two services. LOS signals travel over a direct patch from transmitter to receiver
NLOS signals reach a receiver through elections and diffractions
Two types. Fixed and mobile.

20
Q

Describe cable internet access

A

Uses cable tv connection and a cable modem to provide high speed internet access to homes and small businesses.
Contention based. Users arranged in contention groups of nodes that split tv and data signals at the cable providers end.

21
Q

What is a cable modem

A

Hardware devices that connect subscribers to the service providers cable system.
Using a twisted pair cable and a 10/100 network port or USB connection. The cable modem connects to the wall jack using a coaxial cable
Operate at the physical and data link layers

22
Q

Describe dial-up connections

A

Dial up lines are PSTN public switch telephone network connections that use modems, existing phone lines, and long distance carrier services to provide low cost low bandwidth WAN connectivity and remote network access. Limited to 56 Kbps
Two major drawback. Slow and long connection time.

23
Q

What is a dial up modem

A

A communication device that converts a computers digital signals into analog signals before transmission over telephone lines.
Internal or external
Is slow compared to broadband modems

24
Q

What are leased data lines

A

A dedicated line is a telecommunication path that is available 24 hours a day for use by a designated user.
Dedicated lines and leased lines are the same. Guarantees a fixed bandwidth over a dedicated line

25
Q

What is ICS

A

Internet Connection Sharing
A connectivity service for computer systems that connects multiple computers to the Internet by using a single internet connection.
The computer connected to the Internet is called an ICS host and the others called ICS clients.

26
Q

An ICS host must have two network connections

A

A local area connection. Created by installing a network adapter that connects computers to the network
An external connection. Links the SOHO and the network. ICS enabled on this connection
The ICS host acts as a router assigning new dynamic private IP addresses to ICS clients.

27
Q

Describe satellite media

A

Provide for long range global WAN transmissions. A physical link transfers the signal to a satellite link and the satellite link transmits the signal back to s physical link at the other end of the transmission for data delivery.
Average latency is high. Doesn’t work well for real time applications.

28
Q

What are converged networks

A

Alls voice, video, and data to move over the same network. ATM was the first technology that allowed this convergence over a WAN. VoIP is used in the convergence of data, voice, and video networks.

29
Q

Describe voice over data systems

A

Are communication systems that replace traditional telephone links by transmitting analog voice communications over digital WAN technologies
Digital WANs provide more bandwidth than analog phone systems and no long distance cost.
Voice software interfaces with an analog voice device to convert analog voice into data signal and to translate the dialing destination into a network address

30
Q

Describe VoIP

A

Voice over IP is a voice over data implementation in which voice signals are transmitted on real or near real time over IP networks.
Analog voice signals are converted into digital signals. A packet switched network.

31
Q

What are the benefits and challenges of VoIP

A

Benefits.
Cost reduction, mobility, reduced infrastructure, integrated communication, complementary features.

Challenges.
Connectivity reliability, voice delivery delays in packet delivery, power outages, security, no emergency calls

32
Q

Name the four VoIP Protocols

A

Session Initiation Protocol SIP. initiates, modifies, and terminates a session. A signaling protocol for multimedia communication sessions.

Session Description Protocol SDP. describes the content of a multimedia communication session

Real-Time Transport Protocol RTP. Transmits audio or video content and defines the packet delivery. Has no specific UDP Or TCP port number.

Real-Time Transport Control Protocol RTCP. monitors QoS in RTP transmissions. Acts as a partner to RTP to package and deliver data but does not transport data

33
Q

QoS on VoIP is affected by

A

Latency and jitter on a packet network. QoS implementation takes car of packet loss, delays, and efficient use of bandwidth

Latency is the time delay for a packet to go from the source to the destination and back to the source

Jitter is the variability of latency over time across a network

Network (15 decks)

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